Swift4 'substring(to:)' is deprecated: Please use String slicing subscript with a 'partial range upt

解决Swift4 substring deprecated: Please use String slicing subscript with a ‘partial range upto’ operator.

extension String {
    func substring(from: Int?, to: Int?) -> String {
        if let start = from {
            guard start < self.characters.count else {
                return ""
            }
        }

        if let end = to {
            guard end >= 0 else {
                return ""
            }
        }

        if let start = from, let end = to {
            guard end - start >= 0 else {
                return ""
            }
        }

        let startIndex: String.Index
        if let start = from, start >= 0 {
            startIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: start)
        } else {
            startIndex = self.startIndex
        }

        let endIndex: String.Index
        if let end = to, end >= 0, end < self.characters.count {
            endIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: end + 1)
        } else {
            endIndex = self.endIndex
        }

        return String(self[startIndex ..< endIndex])
    }

    func substring(from: Int) -> String {
        return self.substring(from: from, to: nil)
    }

    func substring(to: Int) -> String {
        return self.substring(from: nil, to: to)
    }

    func substring(from: Int?, length: Int) -> String {
        guard length > 0 else {
            return ""
        }

        let end: Int
        if let start = from, start > 0 {
            end = start + length - 1
        } else {
            end = length - 1
        }

        return self.substring(from: from, to: end)
    }

    func substring(length: Int, to: Int?) -> String {
        guard let end = to, end > 0, length > 0 else {
            return ""
        }

        let start: Int
        if let end = to, end - length > 0 {
            start = end - length + 1
        } else {
            start = 0
        }

        return self.substring(from: start, to: to)
    }
}

let string = "Hello,World!"
string.substring(from: 1, to: 7) print: ello,Wo

string.substring(to: 7) print: Hello,Wo

string.substring(from: 3) print: lo,World!

string.substring(from: 1, length: 4) print: ello

string.substring(length: 4, to: 7) print: o,Wo

Updated substring(from: Int?, length: Int) to support starting from zero.