4.8Python内置函数
example4.8.1
类型转化函数
type()
int()
long()
float()
complex() 复数
类型转化函数
str()
list()
tuple()
hex()
oct()
chr()
ord()
example4.8.1
>>> #返回数字绝对值 abs()
>>> abs(-520)
520
>>> abs
example4.8.2
>>>#返回最大值和最小值 max()、min()
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,520,815]
>>> max(a)
815
>>> min(a)
1
>>>
example4.8.3
>>> #求字符串长度len()
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,520,815]
>>> s = 'cuixiaohui'
>>> len(s)
10
>>> len(a)
7
example4.8.4
>>> help(divmod)
Help on built-in function divmod in module builtins:
divmod(...)
divmod(x, y) -> (div, mod)
Return the tuple ((x-x%y)/y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x.
>>>#求商和模divmod()
>>> divmod(2,5)
(0, 2)
>>> divmod(5,2)
(2, 1)
>>> divmod(100,100)
(1, 0)
example4.8.5
>>> help(pow)
Help on built-in function pow in module builtins:
pow(...)
pow(x, y[, z]) -> number
With two arguments, equivalent to x**y. With three arguments,
equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for ints).
>>> #求次方
>>> pow(3,3)
27
>>> #求次方的模
>>> pow(3,3,7)
6
example4.8.6
>>> help(round)
Help on built-in function round in module builtins:
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits]) -> number
Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This returns an int when called with one argument, otherwise the
same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.
>>> round(520)
520
example4.8.7
>>> help(callable)
Help on built-in function callable in module builtins:
callable(...)
callable(object) -> bool
Return whether the object is callable (i.e., some kind of function).
Note that classes are callable, as are instances of classes with a
__call__() method.
>>> #判断一个对象是否可以用(函数是否定义)
>>> callable(f)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#52>", line 1, in <module>
callable(f)
NameError: name 'f' is not defined
>>> def f(x):
if x< 0:
return -x
return x
>>> callable(f)
True
example4.8.8
>>> help(isinstance)
Help on built-in function isinstance in module builtins:
isinstance(...)
isinstance(object, class-or-type-or-tuple) -> bool
Return whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof.
With a type as second argument, return whether that is the object's type.
The form using a tuple, isinstance(x, (A, B, ...)), is a shortcut for
isinstance(x, A) or isinstance(x, B) or ... (etc.).
>>> #判断某一对象的类型
>>> a=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 520, 815]
>>> type(a)
<class 'list'>
>>> isinstance(a,list)
True
>>> isinstance(a,int)
False
>>>
example4.8.9
#cmp()在python3.3.3未定义
>>> help(cmp)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#64>", line 1, in <module>
help(cmp)
NameError: name 'cmp' is not defined
>>> cmp('lixiaotao','lixiao')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#65>", line 1, in <module>
cmp('lixiaotao','lixiao')
NameError: name 'cmp' is not defined
>>>
#cmp()是比较两个字符串是否一样
#假设已经定义,举例如下
>>> cmp('hello','hello')
0
>>> cmp('h','hello')
-1
>>> cmp('hhhhhhh','hello')
1
example4.8.10
#快速生成一个序列range()
#xrange()在python3.3.3未定义
>>> range(10)
range(0, 10)
>>> help(range)
Help on class range in module builtins:
class range(object)
| range(stop) -> range object
| range(start, stop[, step]) -> range object
|
| Return a virtual sequence of numbers from start to stop by step.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __contains__(...)
| x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x
|
| __eq__(...)
| x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y
|
| __ge__(...)
| x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y
|
| __getattribute__(...)
| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __getitem__(...)
| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
|
| __gt__(...)
| x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y
|
| __hash__(...)
| x.__hash__() <==> hash(x)
|
| __iter__(...)
| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| __le__(...)
| x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y
|
| __len__(...)
| x.__len__() <==> len(x)
|
| __lt__(...)
| x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y
|
| __ne__(...)
| x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y
|
| __reduce__(...)
|
| __repr__(...)
| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)
|
| __reversed__(...)
| Return a reverse iterator.
|
| count(...)
| rangeobject.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
|
| index(...)
| rangeobject.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return index of value.
| Raise ValueError if the value is not present.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| start
|
| step
|
| stop
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ = <built-in method __new__ of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T
>>> help(xrange)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>
help(xrange)
NameError: name 'xrange' is not defined
example4.8.11
类型转化函数
type()
int()
long()
float()
complex() 复数
>>>#举例
>>> s='520'
>>> type(s)
<class 'str'>
>>> s + 520
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#75>", line 1, in <module>
s + 520
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
>>> int(s)
520
>>> int(s) + 520
1040
>>>
example4.8.12
类型转化函数
str()
list()
tuple()
hex()
oct()
chr()
ord()
>>> help(hex)
Help on built-in function hex in module builtins:
hex(...)
hex(number) -> string
Return the hexadecimal representation of an integer.
>>> help(oct)
Help on built-in function oct in module builtins:
oct(...)
oct(number) -> string
Return the octal representation of an integer.
>>> help(chr)
Help on built-in function chr in module builtins:
chr(...)
chr(i) -> Unicode character
Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i <= 0x10ffff.
>>> help(ord)
Help on built-in function ord in module builtins:
ord(...)
ord(c) -> integer
Return the integer ordinal of a one-character string.
>>>
注:学习内容来源于网易云课堂《疯狂的Python:快速入门精讲》;代码执行环境为Win;Python版本为 3.3.3