设计模式的 C++ 实现---装饰者模式

前文回顾
单例模式(一)
单例模式(二)
观察者模式
简单工厂模式
工厂方法模式(一)
工厂方法模式(二)
抽象工厂模式(一)
抽象工厂模式(二)
原型模式
外观模式
中介者模式
代理模式

前言

装饰者模式的本质和代理模式的原理是一样的，体现了对一个既有类进行扩展是的原则：除非有更好的理由采用继承的方式（有虚函数需要重新实现、有受保护成员需要访问），否则就采用构成的方式进行扩展。
装饰器和原对象都继承自同一个基类，对外表现为一样的接口，但在原有方法的基础上进行了扩展。

实现举例

1. 场景描述
   假设一个指针鸡蛋灌饼的场景：有基础款、可以加鸡蛋、加香肠、加培根等。
2. 抽象基类

using namespace std;
//鸡蛋灌饼抽象接口
class EggCake
{
public:
    virtual ~EggCake(){ }
    virtual double getPrice()= 0;
    virtual void showCake() = 0;
};

3. 实际派生类

#include "eggcake.h"

//基础款
class BaseEggCake : public EggCake
{
public:
    BaseEggCake(double m_price = 3.0):EggCake(),price(m_price){}
    void showCake() override
    {
        cout <<"基础款鸡蛋灌饼..."<<endl;
    }
    double getPrice() override
    {
        return  price;
    }

private:
    double price;

};

4. 装饰器基类

#include "eggcake.h"

//装饰器
class Decorator : public EggCake
{
public:
    Decorator( EggCake * m_cake):EggCake(),cake(m_cake){}
    void showCake() override
    {
        cake->showCake();
    }
    double getPrice() override
    {
        return  cake->getPrice();
    }
    virtual ~Decorator()
    {
        delete  cake;
        cake = nullptr;

    }
protected:
    EggCake * cake;//被装饰的对象
};

5. 装饰器派生类
   ①．加鸡蛋

#include "decorator.h"

class EggCakeAddEgg : public Decorator
{
public:
    using Decorator::Decorator;
    void showCake() override
    {
        cake->showCake();
        cout<<"额外加一个鸡蛋..."<<endl;
    }
    double getPrice() override
    {
        return cake->getPrice()+1.0;
    }
    ~EggCakeAddEgg()
    {

    }
};

②．加香肠

#include "decorator.h"

class EggCakeAddSausage : public Decorator
{
public:
    using Decorator::Decorator;
    void showCake() override
    {
        cake->showCake();
        cout <<"额外加一个香肠..."<<endl;
    }
    double getPrice() override
    {
        return  cake->getPrice()+1.0;
    }
    ~EggCakeAddSausage()
    {

    }
};

③．加培根

#include "decorator.h"

class EggCakeAddBacon : public Decorator
{
public:
    using Decorator::Decorator;
    void showCake() override
    {
        cake->showCake();
        cout<<"额外加一个培根..."<<endl;
    }
    double getPrice() override
    {
        return cake->getPrice()+1.5;
    }
    ~EggCakeAddBacon()
    {

    }
};

6. 客户端调用
   

#include "baseeggcake.h"
#include "eggcakeaddegg.h"
#include "eggcakeaddbacon.h"
#include "eggcakeaddsausage.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    EggCake * basecake =new Decorator(new BaseEggCake());

    basecake = new EggCakeAddEgg(basecake);
    basecake = new EggCakeAddEgg(basecake);
    basecake = new EggCakeAddBacon(basecake);
    basecake = new EggCakeAddSausage(basecake);

    basecake->showCake();
    cout << "豪华版总价:"<<basecake->getPrice()<<endl;

    delete  basecake;


    return a.exec();
}