Spring之bean实例化方式

实例化bean的方法简述:

构造方法:无参、有参

静态工厂:无参、有参(静态方法)

实例工厂:无参、有参(非静态方法)

具体实现

1.1、无参构造方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--
    说明:这里只要是配置了bean,不论程序是不是用该bean,spring的ioc容器都会先创建该实例。
         当然,也有办法配置如果不适用就不创建实例
    -->
    <!--通过无参构造方法实例化bean-->
    <bean id="springBean" class="ioc09.SpringBean">
        <!--property表示实例化了之后进行装配-->
        <property name="username" value="tom"/>
        <property name="age" value="14"/>
        <property name="password" value="123"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
package ioc09;

public class SpringBean {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;

    //spring先通过构造方法创建bean
    public SpringBean() {
        System.out.println("SpringBean.SpringBean");
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SpringBean{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

1.2、有参构造方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--
    说明:这里只要是配置了bean,不论程序是不是用该bean,spring的ioc容器都会先创建该实例。
         当然,也有办法配置如果不适用就不创建实例
    -->
    <bean id="springBean2" class="ioc09.SpringBean">
        <!--用带参的构造方法实例化bean-->
        <!--表示实例化时给构造方法传递参数-->
        <!--name字段表示的是构造方法的参数名称-->
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="alice"/>
        <constructor-arg name="age" value="14"/>
        <constructor-arg name="pwd" value="123"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
package ioc09;

public class SpringBean {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;


    public SpringBean(String name, String pwd, Integer age) {
        System.out.println("SpringBean(String,String,String)");
        this.username = name;
        this.password = pwd;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SpringBean{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

2.1、无参的静态工厂方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--通过无参的静态工厂实例化bean-->
    <!--
        calss属性的值是静态工厂的名称
        factory-method是告诉spring调用静态工厂中的那个方法
    -->
    <bean id="springBean" class="ioc10.SpringBeanFactory" factory-method="getSpringBean">
        <!--通过构造方法进行装配-->
        <property name="username" value="tomcat"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
package ioc10;

public class SpringBean {
    private String username;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SpringBean{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
package ioc10;

public class SpringBeanFactory {
    public static SpringBean getSpringBean(){
        return new SpringBean();
    }
}
package ioc10;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        //不使用spring时的方式,
        /*SpringBean springBean = SpringBeanFactory.getSpringBean();
        springBean.setUsername("tom");*/

        //使用spring
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc10/spring.xml");
        SpringBean springBean1 = (SpringBean) ac.getBean("springBean");
        System.out.println(springBean1);
    }
}

2.2有参的静态工厂方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--通过带参的静态工厂实例化bean-->
    <bean id="springBean2" class="ioc10.SpringBeanFactory" factory-method="getSpringBean">
        <!--name属性代表静态工厂SpringBeanFactory的getSpringBean方法的入参-->
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="tony"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
package ioc10;

public class SpringBean {
    private String username;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SpringBean{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
package ioc10;

public class SpringBeanFactory {

    //有参的静态工厂
    public static SpringBean getSpringBean(String name){
        SpringBean springBean = new SpringBean();
        springBean.setUsername(name);
        return springBean;
    }
}
package ioc10;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        //不使用spring时的方式,
        /*SpringBean springBean = SpringBeanFactory.getSpringBean();
        springBean.setUsername("tom");*/

        //使用spring
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc10/spring.xml");

        SpringBean springBean2 = (SpringBean) ac.getBean("springBean2");
        System.out.println(springBean2);
    }
}

3.1、无参数的实例工厂

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--实例工厂-->
    <bean id="springBeanFactory" class="ioc12.SpringBeanFactory"/>

    <!--无参-->
    <!--
         如果没有SpringBeanFactory的实例,那么factory-method的
        方法调用会报错,应该先让spring实例化一个SpringBeanFactory
    -->
    <!--
       class="ioc12.SpringBeanFactory" 要替换,因为这里不是调用类的静态方法,
       并不是直接访问了如果没有SpringBeanFactory的实例这个类
    -->
    <!--factory-bean属性表示工厂实例-->
    <bean id="springBean" factory-bean="springBeanFactory" factory-method="getSpringBean">
        <property name="username" value="luccy"/>
    </bean>


</beans>
package ioc12;

public class SpringBean {
    private String username;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SpringBean{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
}
package ioc12;

public class SpringBeanFactory {
    public SpringBean getSpringBean(){
        System.out.println("SpringBeanFactory getSpringBean");
        return new SpringBean();
    }

    public SpringBean getSpringBean(String name){
        System.out.println("SpringBeanFactory getSpringBean");
        SpringBean springBean = new SpringBean();
        springBean.setUsername(name);
        return springBean;
    }
}
package ioc12;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        //手工java代码实现SpringBean
        /*SpringBeanFactory factory = new SpringBeanFactory();
        SpringBean springBean = factory.getSpringBean();*/
        //通过IOC容器管理SpringBean
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc12/spring.xml");

        System.out.println(ac.getBean("springBean"));
    }
}

3.2有参的实例化工厂

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--实例工厂-->
    <bean id="springBeanFactory" class="ioc12.SpringBeanFactory"/>


    <!--带参数-->
    <bean id="springBean2" factory-bean="springBeanFactory" factory-method="getSpringBean">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="lisi"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
package ioc12;

public class SpringBean {
    private String username;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SpringBean{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
}
package ioc12;

public class SpringBeanFactory {
    public SpringBean getSpringBean(){
        System.out.println("SpringBeanFactory getSpringBean");
        return new SpringBean();
    }

    public SpringBean getSpringBean(String name){
        System.out.println("SpringBeanFactory getSpringBean");
        SpringBean springBean = new SpringBean();
        springBean.setUsername(name);
        return springBean;
    }
}

  实例化bean的时机

1、ApplicationContext方式获取IOC容器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--
        默认预先实例化,即在IOC容器启动时实例化。通过lazy-init属性可以修改实例化时机,设置为懒实例化。

       懒实例化,即在第一次使用bean时实例化。

       实际应用中都是使用预先实例化,虽然服务器启动慢,但是用户访问速度快。
    -->
    <bean id="springBean" class="ioc14.SpringBean" lazy-init="false">
        <property name="username" value="kity"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

2、BeanFactory方式获取IOC容器

只能懒实例化,无法预先实例化,使用bean时才会实例化。

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