tensorflow54 《TensorFlow技术解析与实战》15 TensorFlow线性代数编译框架XLA

01 JIT编译方式

《TensorFlow技术解析与实战》15 TensorFlow线性代数编译框架XLA

通过XLA运行TensorFlow计算有两种方法，一是打开CPU或GPU设备上的JIT编译，二是将操作符放在XLA_CPU或XLA_GPU设备上。

01.01 打开JIT编译的两种方式

# 方式1
config=tf.ConfigProto()
config.graph_options.optimizer_options.global_jit_level = tf.OptimizerOptions.ON_1
sess = tf.Session(config=config)

# 方式2
jit_scope = tf.contrib.compiler.jit.experimental_jit_scope
x = tf.placeholder(np.float32)
with jit_scope():
    y = tf.add(x, x)

01.02 将操作符放在XLA设备上

with tf.device("/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:XLA_GPU:0"):
    output = tf.add(input1, input2)

02 测试方法

# 《TensorFlow技术解析与实战》15 TensorFlow线性代数编译框架XLA
# win10 Tensorflow-gpu1.2.0-rc0 python3.5.3
# CUDA v8.0 cudnn-8.0-windows10-x64-v5.1
# https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/v1.2.0-rc0/tensorflow/examples/tutorials/mnist/mnist_softmax_xla.py

# 测试方法：
# 00 cd tensorflow\tensorflow\examples\tutorials\mnist
# 01 python mnist_softmax_xla.py --xla=false
# 02 
set TF_XLA_FLAGS=--xla_generate_hlo_graph=.*
python mnist_softmax_xla.py

03 python mnist_softmax_xla.py 代码

# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Simple MNIST classifier example with JIT XLA and timelines.

"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import argparse
import sys

import tensorflow as tf

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
from tensorflow.python.client import timeline

FLAGS = None


def main(_):
  # Import data
  mnist = input_data.read_data_sets(FLAGS.data_dir, one_hot=True)

  # Create the model
  x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
  w = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10]))
  b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))
  y = tf.matmul(x, w) + b

  # Define loss and optimizer
  y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])

  # The raw formulation of cross-entropy,
  #
  #   tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(tf.nn.softmax(y)),
  #                                 reduction_indices=[1]))
  #
  # can be numerically unstable.
  #
  # So here we use tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits on the raw
  # outputs of 'y', and then average across the batch.
  cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(
      tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_, logits=y))
  train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5).minimize(cross_entropy)

  config = tf.ConfigProto()
  jit_level = 0
  if FLAGS.xla:
    # Turns on XLA JIT compilation.
    jit_level = tf.OptimizerOptions.ON_1

  config.graph_options.optimizer_options.global_jit_level = jit_level
  run_metadata = tf.RunMetadata()
  sess = tf.Session(config=config)
  tf.global_variables_initializer().run(session=sess)
  # Train
  train_loops = 1000
  for i in range(train_loops):
    batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(100)

    # Create a timeline for the last loop and export to json to view with
    # chrome://tracing/.
    if i == train_loops - 1:
      sess.run(train_step,
               feed_dict={x: batch_xs,
                          y_: batch_ys},
               options=tf.RunOptions(trace_level=tf.RunOptions.FULL_TRACE),
               run_metadata=run_metadata)
      trace = timeline.Timeline(step_stats=run_metadata.step_stats)
      with open('timeline.ctf.json', 'w') as trace_file:
        trace_file.write(trace.generate_chrome_trace_format())
    else:
      sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y_: batch_ys})

  # Test trained model
  correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))
  accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
  print(sess.run(accuracy,
                 feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images,
                            y_: mnist.test.labels}))
  sess.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  parser.add_argument(
      '--data_dir',
      type=str,
      default='/tmp/tensorflow/mnist/input_data',
      help='Directory for storing input data')
  parser.add_argument(
      '--xla', type=bool, default=True, help='Turn xla via JIT on')
  FLAGS, unparsed = parser.parse_known_args()
  tf.app.run(main=main, argv=[sys.argv[0]] + unparsed)