rootfs中第一个程序init进程分析

busybox：Busybox-1.7.0

首先列出代码：

int init_main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct init_action *a;
	pid_t wpid;

	die_sleep = 30 * 24*60*60; /* if xmalloc will ever die... */

	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-q")) {
		return kill(1, SIGHUP);
	}
#if !ENABLE_DEBUG_INIT
	/* Expect to be invoked as init with PID=1 or be invoked as linuxrc */
	if (getpid() != 1
	 && (!ENABLE_FEATURE_INITRD || !strstr(applet_name, "linuxrc"))
	) {
		bb_show_usage();
	}
	/* Set up sig handlers  -- be sure to
	 * clear all of these in run() */
	signal(SIGHUP, exec_signal);
	signal(SIGQUIT, exec_signal);
	signal(SIGUSR1, shutdown_signal);
	signal(SIGUSR2, shutdown_signal);
	signal(SIGINT, ctrlaltdel_signal);
	signal(SIGTERM, shutdown_signal);
	signal(SIGCONT, cont_handler);
	signal(SIGSTOP, stop_handler);
	signal(SIGTSTP, stop_handler);

	/* Turn off rebooting via CTL-ALT-DEL -- we get a
	 * SIGINT on CAD so we can shut things down gracefully... */
	init_reboot(RB_DISABLE_CAD);
#endif


	/* Figure out where the default console should be */
	console_init();
	set_sane_term();
	chdir("/");
	setsid();
	{
		const char *const *e;
		/* Make sure environs is set to something sane */
		for (e = environment; *e; e++)
			putenv((char *) *e);
	}

	if (argc > 1) setenv("RUNLEVEL", argv[1], 1);

	/* Hello world */
	message(MAYBE_CONSOLE | L_LOG, "init started: %s", bb_banner);

	/* Make sure there is enough memory to do something useful. */
	if (ENABLE_SWAPONOFF) {
		struct sysinfo info;

		if (!sysinfo(&info) &&
			(info.mem_unit ? : 1) * (long long)info.totalram < 1024*1024)
		{
			message(L_CONSOLE, "Low memory, forcing swapon");
			/* swapon -a requires /proc typically */
			new_init_action(SYSINIT, "mount -t proc proc /proc", "");
			/* Try to turn on swap */
			new_init_action(SYSINIT, "swapon -a", "");
			run_actions(SYSINIT);   /* wait and removing */
		}
	}

	/* Check if we are supposed to be in single user mode */
	if (argc > 1
	 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "single") || !strcmp(argv[1], "-s") || LONE_CHAR(argv[1], '1'))
	) {
		/* Start a shell on console */
		new_init_action(RESPAWN, bb_default_login_shell, "");
	} else {
		/* Not in single user mode -- see what inittab says */

		/* NOTE that if CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB is NOT defined,
		 * then parse_inittab() simply adds in some default
		 * actions(i.e., runs INIT_SCRIPT and then starts a pair
		 * of "askfirst" shells */
		parse_inittab();
	}

#if ENABLE_SELINUX
	if (getenv("SELINUX_INIT") == NULL) {
		int enforce = 0;

		putenv((char*)"SELINUX_INIT=YES");
		if (selinux_init_load_policy(&enforce) == 0) {
			BB_EXECVP(argv[0], argv);
		} else if (enforce > 0) {
			/* SELinux in enforcing mode but load_policy failed */
			/* At this point, we probably can't open /dev/console, so log() won't work */
			message(L_CONSOLE, "Cannot load SELinux Policy. "
				"Machine is in enforcing mode. Halting now.");
			exit(1);
		}
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_SELINUX */

	/* Make the command line just say "init"  -- thats all, nothing else */
	fixup_argv(argv);

	/* Now run everything that needs to be run */

	/* First run the sysinit command */
	run_actions(SYSINIT);

	/* Next run anything that wants to block */
	run_actions(WAIT);

	/* Next run anything to be run only once */
	run_actions(ONCE);

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
	/* Redefine SIGHUP to reread /etc/inittab */
	signal(SIGHUP, reload_signal);
#else
	signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
#endif /* FEATURE_USE_INITTAB */

	/* Now run the looping stuff for the rest of forever */
	while (1) {
		/* run the respawn stuff */
		run_actions(RESPAWN);

		/* run the askfirst stuff */
		run_actions(ASKFIRST);

		/* Don't consume all CPU time -- sleep a bit */
		sleep(1);

		/* Wait for a child process to exit */
		wpid = wait(NULL);
		while (wpid > 0) {
			/* Find out who died and clean up their corpse */
			for (a = init_action_list; a; a = a->next) {
				if (a->pid == wpid) {
					/* Set the pid to 0 so that the process gets
					 * restarted by run_actions() */
					a->pid = 0;
					message(L_LOG, "process '%s' (pid %d) exited. "
							"Scheduling it for restart.",
							a->command, wpid);
				}
			}
			/* see if anyone else is waiting to be reaped */
			wpid = waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG);
		}
	}
}

一、分析struct init_action *a;定义如下：

/* Set up a linked list of init_actions, to be read from inittab */
struct init_action {
	struct init_action *next;//链表
	int action;              //指示了执行时机（何时执行）
	pid_t pid;               //进程id
	char command[INIT_BUFFS_SIZE];//busybox支持的命令
	char terminal[CONSOLE_NAME_SIZE];
};

 

二、信号量

	/* Set up sig handlers  -- be sure to
	 * clear all of these in run() */
	signal(SIGHUP, exec_signal);
	signal(SIGQUIT, exec_signal);
	signal(SIGUSR1, shutdown_signal);
	signal(SIGUSR2, shutdown_signal);
	signal(SIGINT, ctrlaltdel_signal);
	signal(SIGTERM, shutdown_signal);
	signal(SIGCONT, cont_handler);
	signal(SIGSTOP, stop_handler);
	signal(SIGTSTP, stop_handler);

信号量的机制，以后分析。。。。

三、parse_inittab解析inittab文件

static void parse_inittab(void)
{
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
	FILE *file;
	char buf[INIT_BUFFS_SIZE], lineAsRead[INIT_BUFFS_SIZE];
	char tmpConsole[CONSOLE_NAME_SIZE];
	char *id, *runlev, *action, *command, *eol;
	const struct init_action_type *a = actions;

	file = fopen(INITTAB, "r");   //====》 #define INITTAB      "/etc/inittab"  打开/etc/inittab文件是否可读
	if (file == NULL) {           //====》如果没有这个INITTAB文件，则会填充一些默认的配置
		/* No inittab file -- set up some default behavior */
#endif
		/* Reboot on Ctrl-Alt-Del */
		new_init_action(CTRLALTDEL, "reboot", "");
		/* Umount all filesystems on halt/reboot */
		new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "umount -a -r", "");
		/* Swapoff on halt/reboot */
		if (ENABLE_SWAPONOFF) new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "swapoff -a", "");
		/* Prepare to restart init when a HUP is received */
		new_init_action(RESTART, "init", "");
		/* Askfirst shell on tty1-4 */
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, "");
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_2);
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_3);
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_4);
		/* sysinit */
		new_init_action(SYSINIT, INIT_SCRIPT, "");

		return;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
	}

	while (fgets(buf, INIT_BUFFS_SIZE, file) != NULL) { //这表示有/etc/inittab文件的情况，解析inittab
		/* Skip leading spaces */
		for (id = buf; *id == ' ' || *id == '\t'; id++);

		/* Skip the line if it's a comment */        /*省去#和换行*/
		if (*id == '#' || *id == '\n')
			continue;

		/* Trim the trailing \n */
		//XXX: chomp() ?
		eol = strrchr(id, '\n');
		if (eol != NULL)
			*eol = '\0';

		/* Keep a copy around for posterity's sake (and error msgs) */
		strcpy(lineAsRead, buf);

		/* Separate the ID field from the runlevels */
		runlev = strchr(id, ':');
		if (runlev == NULL || *(runlev + 1) == '\0') {
			message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "Bad inittab entry: %s", lineAsRead);
			continue;
		} else {
			*runlev = '\0';
			++runlev;
		}

		/* Separate the runlevels from the action */
		action = strchr(runlev, ':');
		if (action == NULL || *(action + 1) == '\0') {
			message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "Bad inittab entry: %s", lineAsRead);
			continue;
		} else {
			*action = '\0';
			++action;
		}

		/* Separate the action from the command */
		command = strchr(action, ':');
		if (command == NULL || *(command + 1) == '\0') {
			message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "Bad inittab entry: %s", lineAsRead);
			continue;
		} else {
			*command = '\0';
			++command;
		}

		/* Ok, now process it */
		for (a = actions; a->name != 0; a++) {
			if (strcmp(a->name, action) == 0) {
				if (*id != '\0') {
					if (strncmp(id, "/dev/", 5) == 0)
						id += 5;
					strcpy(tmpConsole, "/dev/");
					safe_strncpy(tmpConsole + 5, id,
						sizeof(tmpConsole) - 5);
					id = tmpConsole;
				}
				new_init_action(a->action, command, id);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (a->name == 0) {
			/* Choke on an unknown action */
			message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "Bad inittab entry: %s", lineAsRead);
		}
	}
	fclose(file);
#endif /* FEATURE_USE_INITTAB */
}

1.new_init_action分析：

static void new_init_action(int action, const char *command, const char *cons)
{
	struct init_action *new_action, *a, *last;

	if (strcmp(cons, bb_dev_null) == 0 && (action & ASKFIRST))
		return;

	/* Append to the end of the list */
	for (a = last = init_action_list; a; a = a->next) {  //init_action链表
		/* don't enter action if it's already in the list,
		 * but do overwrite existing actions */
		if ((strcmp(a->command, command) == 0)     //判断加到链表的命令和已有的命令是否匹配，如果匹配进行覆盖操作
		 && (strcmp(a->terminal, cons) == 0)
		) {
			a->action = action;
			return;
		}
		last = a;
	}

	new_action = xzalloc(sizeof(struct init_action));//如果加入的命令不存在，就重新分配空间
	if (last) {                                      //把它加入到链表中
		last->next = new_action;
	} else {
		init_action_list = new_action;
	}
	strcpy(new_action->command, command);           // 填充init_action结构体
	new_action->action = action;
	strcpy(new_action->terminal, cons);
	messageD(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "command='%s' action=%d tty='%s'\n",
		new_action->command, new_action->action, new_action->terminal);
}

总结一下这个函数的作用：

创建一个init_action结构，填充它，把这个结构放入到init_action_list链表中

2.根据代码中默认代码反推出默认的配置：

		/* Reboot on Ctrl-Alt-Del */
		new_init_action(CTRLALTDEL, "reboot", "");
		/* Umount all filesystems on halt/reboot */
		new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "umount -a -r", "");
		/* Swapoff on halt/reboot */
		if (ENABLE_SWAPONOFF) new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "swapoff -a", "");
		/* Prepare to restart init when a HUP is received */
		new_init_action(RESTART, "init", "");
		/* Askfirst shell on tty1-4 */
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, "");
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_2);
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_3);
		new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_4);
		/* sysinit */
		new_init_action(SYSINIT, INIT_SCRIPT, "");

注意：

INTTAB的格式：

<id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
<id> => /dev/id ,例子：用作终端：stdin，stdout，stderr：printf，scanf，err
<runlevels> ：可以被忽略
<action> ： 指示了执行时机（何时执行）
# <action>: Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, once,
#                                  restart, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.
<process> ：应用程序或脚本

那么根据格式将上面new_init_action反推出来的配置为：

::ctrlaltdel:reboot
::shutdown:umount -a -r
::shutdown:swapoff -a
::restart:init
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

四、配置文件读取后：

	run_actions(SYSINIT);
		waitfor(a, 0);   //执行应用程序，等待它执行完毕
		   run(a)	 //创建process子进程
		   waitpid(runpid, &status, 0) //等待它结束
		delete_init_action(a);//在init_action_list链表里删除
	run_actions(WAIT);
		waitfor(a, 0);   //执行应用程序，等待它执行完毕
		   run(a)	 //创建process子进程
		   waitpid(runpid, &status, 0) //等待它结束
		delete_init_action(a);//在init_action_list链表里删除
	run_actions(ONCE);
		 run(a)	 //创建process子进程
		 delete_init_action(a);//在init_action_list链表里删除
	while (1) {
		run_actions(RESPAWN);
			if (a->pid == 0) {
				a->pid = run(a);
			}
		run_actions(ASKFIRST);
			if (a->pid == 0) {
				a->pid = run(a);
					打印Please press Enter to activate this console.
					等待回车
					创建子进程
			}
		wpid = wait(NULL); //等待子进程退出
		while (wpid > 0) {
			a->pid = 0; //退出后，就设置pid=0
		}