Summary of OSI layers

physical layer  

the physical layer is responsiblefor the movements of individual bits from on hop(node) to the next.

physical characteristics of interfaces andmedia.

representation of bits (encoding)

data rate

synchronization of bits

physical topology

transmission mode

electrical specifications

 

Data link layer

to organize bits into frame toprovide hop to hop delivery

framing

physical addressing

flow control

error control

access control

 

Network layer

to move packers from source-to-destination,and to provide internetworking

logical addressing

routing

 

Transport layer

to provide reliable process-to-process message delivery and error recovery

service-point addressing

segmentation and reassembly

connection control

flow control (end to end)

error control(process to process)

 

Session layer

to establish, manage and terminatesession

dialog control

synchronization

 

Presentation layer

concerned with the syntax andsemantics of information exchanged between two systems.

translation

encryption/decryption

compression

 

Application layer

to allow access network resources

 

 

TCP/IP has five layers: physicallayer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer and Application layer.

 

At the network layer, the main protocol definedby TCP/IP is IP(internetworking protocol), using four supporting protocols:ARP,RARP,ICMP, and IGMP.

 

At the transport layer, TCP/IP defines threeprotocols: Stream control transmission protocol(SCTP), Transmission control protocol,User Datagram Protocol(UDP)