django开发7

Django 07

admin app

admin是django自带的一个非常实用的应用，它负责来管理网站的内容(数据库).admin应用默认已经在INSTALLED_APPS里了, 并且在访问他的url被默认配置为/admin.

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # ...
]

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # ...
]

首先使用createsuperuser命令创建管理员用户, 填入用户名, 邮箱, 密码.

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

向admin注册Model, 我们在amdin页面就能看到这个Model了.

# blog/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Blog

admin.site.register(Blog)

我们刚看到admin的默认表单，如需自定义这个界面，我们可以定一个ModelAdmin的子类来描述.

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin)

也可以使用装饰器的形式.

@admin.register(Book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

ModelAdmin 选项

• list_display

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'title', 'isHot']

    def isHot(self, blog):
        return blog.hits >= 1000
    isHot.short_description = 'hot'

• list_editable

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'title', 'timestamp', 'hits']
    list_editable = ['title', 'hits']

• fields

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ['title', 'body']

• exclude

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = ['hits']

• ordering

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ordering = ['-hits']

• search_fields

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    search_fields = ['title']

• filter_horizontal
• filter_vertical

class ReaderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    filter_horizontal = ['favorite_authors']

• actions

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    actions = ['clear_hits']
    def clear_hits(self, request, queryset):
        queryset.update(hits=0)
    clear_hits.short_description = "Clear Hits"

• save_model(request, obj, form, change)
• delete_model(request, obj)

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):  
        if not change:
            obj.hits = random.randint(20, 30)
        obj.save()