Matplotlib是一个Python工具箱,用于科学计算的数据可视化。借助它,Python可以绘制如Matlab和Octave多种多样的数据图形。下面这篇文章主要介绍了python使用matplotlib如何绘制折线图的方法教程,需要的朋友可以参考借鉴。
1. line chart
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2. 图例
在plot的时候指定label,然后调用legend方法可以绘制图例。例如:
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legend方法可接受一个loc关键字参数来设定图例的位置,可取值为数字或字符串:
0: ‘best'
1: ‘upper right'
2: ‘upper left'
3: ‘lower left'
4: ‘lower right'
5: ‘right'
6: ‘center left'
7: ‘center right'
8: ‘lower center'
9: ‘upper center'
10: ‘center'
3. 线的样式
(1)颜色
plot方法的关键字参数color(或c)用来设置线的颜色。可取值为:
1、颜色名称或简写
b: blue
g: green
r: red
c: cyan
m: magenta
y: yellow
k: black
w: white
2、#rrggbb
3、(r, g, b) 或 (r, g, b, a),其中 r g b a 取均为[0, 1]之间
4、[0, 1]之间的浮点数的字符串形式,表示灰度值。0表示黑色,1表示白色
(2)样式
plot方法的关键字参数linestyle(或ls)用来设置线的样式。可取值为:
- -, solid
- --, dashed
- -., dashdot
- :, dotted
- '', ' ', None
(3)粗细
设置plot方法的关键字参数linewidth(或lw)可以改变线的粗细,其值为浮点数。
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4. marker
以下关键字参数可以用来设置marker的样式:
- marker
- markeredgecolor 或 mec
- markeredgewidth 或 mew
- markerfacecolor 或 mfc
- markerfacecoloralt 或 mfcalt
- markersize 或 ms
其中marker可取值为:
- '.': point marker
- ',': pixel marker
- 'o': circle marker
- 'v': triangle_down marker
- '^': triangle_up marker
- '<': triangle_left marker
- '>': triangle_right marker
- '1': tri_down marker
- '2': tri_up marker
- '3': tri_left marker
- '4': tri_right marker
- 's': square marker
- 'p': pentagon marker
- '*': star marker
- 'h': hexagon1 marker
- 'H': hexagon2 marker
- '+': plus marker
- 'x': x marker
- 'D': diamond marker
- 'd': thin_diamond marker
- '|': vline marker
- '_': hline marker
例如:
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另外,marker关键字参数可以和color以及linestyle这两个关键字参数合并为一个字符串。例如:
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The kwargs are Line2D properties:参数设置
Property | Description |
---|---|
agg_filter | unknown |
alpha | float (0.0 transparent through 1.0 opaque) |
animated | [True | False] |
antialiased or aa | [True | False] |
axes | an Axes instance |
clip_box | a matplotlib.transforms.Bbox instance |
clip_on | [True | False] |
clip_path | [ (Path, Transform) | Patch | None ] |
color or c | any matplotlib color |
contains | a callable function |
dash_capstyle | [‘butt’ | ‘round’ | ‘projecting’] |
dash_joinstyle | [‘miter’ | ‘round’ | ‘bevel’] |
dashes | sequence of on/off ink in points |
drawstyle | [‘default’ | ‘steps’ | ‘steps-pre’ | ‘steps-mid’ | ‘steps-post’] |
figure | a matplotlib.figure.Figure instance |
fillstyle | [‘full’ | ‘left’ | ‘right’ | ‘bottom’ | ‘top’ | ‘none’] |
gid | an id string |
label | string or anything printable with ‘%s’ conversion. |
linestyle or ls | ['-' | '--' | '-.' | ':' | 'None' | ' ' | ''] |
linewidth or lw | float value in points |
lod | [True | False] |
marker | A valid marker style |
markeredgecolor or mec | any matplotlib color |
markeredgewidth or mew | float value in points |
markerfacecolor or mfc | any matplotlib color |
markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt | any matplotlib color |
markersize or ms | float |
markevery | [None | int | length-2 tuple of int | slice | list/array of int | float | length-2 tuple of float] |
path_effects | unknown |
picker | float distance in points or callable pick function fn(artist, event) |
pickradius | float distance in points |
rasterized | [True | False | None] |
sketch_params | unknown |
snap | unknown |
solid_capstyle | [‘butt’ | ‘round’ | ‘projecting’] |
solid_joinstyle | [‘miter’ | ‘round’ | ‘bevel’] |
transform | a matplotlib.transforms.Transform instance |
url | a url string |
visible | [True | False] |
xdata | 1D array |
ydata | 1D array |
zorder | any number |