STM32学习笔记(江协科技)-----实现串口通信

STM32的USART外设:

自带波特率发生器,最高可达4.5Mbits/s

可配置数据位长度(8/9),停止位长度(0.5/1/1.5/2)

可选校验位(无校验/奇校验/偶校验)

STM32F103C8T6的USART资源:USART1(APB2总线),USAR2(APB1总线),USART3(APB1总线)。

硬件部分:

f5fc2595a84a4a22919902f6f880778a.png

执行过程:

22da6bc3e60549f0af98d0f63453fbc1.png

波特率发生器产生约定的通信速率,产生的时钟通向发送控制器和接收控制器,用来控制发送移位和接收移位。之后由发送数据寄存器和发送移位寄存器配合,移出数据(右移,低位先行),通过GPIO复用输出,输出到TX引脚。RX引脚通过GPIO复用输入,移动到接收寄存器(右移,低位先行),然后转移到RDR,同时置一个RXNE标志位(既可检查是否收到,也可申请中断)。

数据采样:

f7eb6b12764d4351ab0f020a52755fe9.png

以波特率的16倍频率采样,在某个位置,突然采集到0,说明出现了下降沿,然后进行连续16位采样,在下降沿的第3,5,7次进行一批采样,8,9,10次进行一批采样,这两批,,每3位里都要有至少2个0。若有一个1,会置一个NE,即噪声标志位。若通过检测,之后每次都在8,9,10位进行采样(正好在正中心采样)。

波特率发生器(寄存器):

波特率由波特率寄存器BRR里的DIV来确定。

29a1cce24e2047f183d0d29746c8fa21.png

波特率 =eq?%5C%3B1%7D(一般为72M) /(16*DIV)

举例:若要配置波特率为9600,9600 = 72M/(16*DIV) 即 DIV = 72M/9600/16=468.75,然后转换成二进制,468.75 =   11101 0100.11 

所以写入BRR寄存器,DIV15~0:0000 11101 0100 1100 (整数部分前面补0,小数部分后面补0)   

串口发送+接收:              

接线:

USB转串口模块:VCC和3V3用跳线帽接在一起,TXD接PA10,RXD接PA9。、

(因为USART1_TX是PA9,USART1_RX是PA10,所以TX接RX,RX接TX,交叉连接)

串口发送:e23efac553214d6794cde005588ed46b.png

f6f7c98d6c1a4fd79b698a1ca87c0b68.png

 

e8f9d35d131e49c698f19018d3f68d15.png1027cf3169604f30be81365f4887d9fd.png

2a0f05d837124f00a8d22b2ce7fa1b24.png

ce7abf8777764afdb5d5b451fe833a4f.png



一些SendByte的拓展函数:

74150c2021cb4602bd72326196e35522.png

63523d4906884f5599b0229377440327.png

8cf0312a8366459f827649ee24da6048.png

串口接收+发送:

#include "Device/Include/stm32f10x.h"   // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

uint8_t Serial_RxData;
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void)
{	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	//RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;//上拉输入
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;//发送+接收
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);
	//使能或者失能指定的 USART 中断,USART_IT_TXE:发送中断
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	//该参数设置优先级分组位长度
	//NVIC_PriorityGroup_2:先占优先级 2 位,从优先级 2 位
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	//该参数用以使能或者失能指定的 IRQ 通道
	//USART1_IRQChannel USART1 全局中断
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	//该参数指定了在成员 NVIC_IRQChannel 中定义的 IRQ 通道被使能还是失能。
	//这个参数取值为 ENABLE 或者 DISABLE。
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	//该参数设置了成员 NVIC_IRQChannel 中的先占优先级
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	//该参数设置了成员 NVIC_IRQChannel 中的从优先级
	
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
	//使能或者失能 USART 外设
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length)//串口1发送数组,(首地址,长度)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for(i=0;i<Length;i++)
	{
		 Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)//串口1发送字符串(地址)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i=0;String[i] !='\0';i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}

}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t x,uint32_t y)//转化次方 (x的y次方)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while(y--)
	{
		Result *= x;
	}
	return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length)//串口1发送数字(数字,长度)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i=0;i<Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10,Length - i - 1) %10 + 0x30);
	}
}

int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format,...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(String,format,arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void)//清除引出标志位
{
	if(Serial_RxFlag == 1)
	{
		Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxData(void)//引出收到的数据
{
	return Serial_RxData;
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)//判断RXNE标志位是否置1
	{
		Serial_RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		//引出收到的数据
		
		Serial_RxFlag = 1;
		//引出完成标志位
		
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE);
		//清除RXNE标志位
	}
}
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
 
 uint8_t RxData;
 
int main(void)
{

	OLED_Init();  		//OLED初始化
	OLED_ShowString(1,1,"RxData:");
	
	Serial_Init();//串口初始化
	
	
	
	while(1)
	{
		if(Serial_GetRxFlag() == 1)
		{
			RxData = Serial_GetRxData();
			Serial_SendByte(RxData);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1,8,RxData,2);
		}
	}		
}

串口收发数据包:

HEX数据包:551f5594689d44e897489b8cb362e3f9.png

        如果载荷容易与包头包尾重复,尽量选择固定包长。如果载荷不会和包头包尾重复,可选择可变包长。(包头包尾都是可以人为规定的)

文本数据包:

3870ac67b18445ce9c1ccfab3e13364f.png

文本数据包存在大量字符可以作为包头包尾,有效避免载荷与包头包尾重复。

发送数据包:

很简单,可参考“串口发送”,直接调用封装的函数即可。

接收数据包:

09106e9249154ff390342c34905b8ef4.png

添加一个状态机。定义三个状态,状态变量为S,三个状态分别为S=0,S=1,S=2。(类似于置标志位)

文本数据包的接收也是使用状态机:

       f19112a1c1804ec1b48b9ff2703a98e1.png

代码实现(HEX数据包):

Serial.c:

#include "Device/Include/stm32f10x.h"   // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[4];//发送的数据载荷(4个字节)
uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[4];//接收的数据载荷(4个字节)
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;//如果收到一个数据包,就置RxFlag标志位
void Serial_Init(void)
{	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	//RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
	
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length)//串口1发送数组,(首地址,长度)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for(i=0;i<Length;i++)
	{
		 Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)//串口1发送字符串(地址)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i=0;String[i] !='\0';i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}

}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t x,uint32_t y)//转化次方 (x的y次方)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while(y--)
	{
		Result *= x;
	}
	return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length)//串口1发送数字(数字,长度)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i=0;i<Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10,Length - i - 1) %10 + 0x30);
	}
}

int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format,...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(String,format,arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}

void Serial_SendPacket(void)//发送数据包
{
	Serial_SendByte(0xff);
	Serial_SendArray(Serial_TxPacket,4);
	Serial_SendByte(0xfe);	
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void)
{
	if(Serial_RxFlag == 1)
	{
		Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}



void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;//状态机变量(S)
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		if(RxState == 0)
		{
			if(RxData == 0xff)//等待包头
			{
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}	
			else
			{
				RxState = 0;
			}
			
		}
		else if(RxState == 1)//等待接收数据
		{
			Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] =RxData;
			pRxPacket ++;
			if(pRxPacket >= 4)
			{
				RxState = 2;
			}
		}
		else if(RxState == 2)//等待包尾
		{
			if(RxData == 0xfe)
			{
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
			else;
		}
		
	}
}

Serial.h:

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H
#include <stdio.h>

extern uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[];//发送缓存区数组
extern uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[];//接收缓存区数数组

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length);
void Serial_Printf(char *format,...);
uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void);

void USART1_IRQHandler(void);
void Serial_SendPacket(void);


#endif

main.c:

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "KEY.h"
 
 uint8_t KeyNum;
 
 
int main(void)
{

	OLED_Init();  		//OLED初始化
	Key1_Init();
	Serial_Init();//串口初始化
	
	OLED_ShowString(1,1,"TxPacket:");
	OLED_ShowString(3,1,"RxPacket:");
	
	Serial_TxPacket[0] = 0x01;
	Serial_TxPacket[1] = 0x02;
	Serial_TxPacket[2] = 0x03;
	Serial_TxPacket[3] = 0x04;
	

	
	while(1)
	{
		if (Serial_GetRxFlag() == 1)
		{
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1,1,Serial_RxPacket[0],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1,4,Serial_RxPacket[1],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1,7,Serial_RxPacket[2],2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1,10,Serial_RxPacket[3],2);
		}
	}		
}

代码实现(文本数据包):

Serial.c:

#include "Device/Include/stm32f10x.h"   // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

char Serial_RxPacket[100];
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;
void Serial_Init(void)
{	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	//RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
	
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length)//串口1发送数组,(首地址,长度)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for(i=0;i<Length;i++)
	{
		 Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)//串口1发送字符串(地址)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i=0;String[i] !='\0';i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}

}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t x,uint32_t y)//转化次方 (x的y次方)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while(y--)
	{
		Result *= x;
	}
	return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length)//串口1发送数字(数字,长度)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i=0;i<Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10,Length - i - 1) %10 + 0x30);
	}
}

int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format,...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(String,format,arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}






void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		if(RxState == 0)
		{
			if(RxData == '@' && Serial_RxFlag == 0)
			{
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}			
			else
			{
				RxState = 0;
			}
			
		}
		
		else if(RxState == 1)
		{
			if(RxData == '\r')
			{
				RxState = 2;
			}
			else
			{
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] =RxData;
				pRxPacket ++;
			}
		}
		else if(RxState == 2)
		{
			if(RxData == '\n')
			{
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = '\0';
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
			else;
		}
		
	}
}

Serial.h:

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H
#include <stdio.h>

extern char Serial_RxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length);
void Serial_Printf(char *format,...);


void USART1_IRQHandler(void);



#endif

main.c:

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "LED.h"
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{

	OLED_Init();  		//OLED初始化
	LED_Init();
	Serial_Init();//串口初始化
	
	OLED_ShowString(1,1,"TxPacket:");
	OLED_ShowString(3,1,"RxPacket:");

	

	
	while(1)
	{	
		
		if(Serial_RxFlag == 1)
		{
			OLED_ShowString(4,1,"                ");
			OLED_ShowString(4,1,Serial_RxPacket);
			if(strcmp(Serial_RxPacket,"led_on") == 0)
			{
				LED_G_ON();
				Serial_SendString("led_on_ok\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2,1,"                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2,1,"led_on_ok");
			}
			else if(strcmp(Serial_RxPacket,"led_off") == 0)
			{
				LED_G_OFF();
				Serial_SendString("led_off_ok\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2,1,"                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2,1,"led_off_ok");
			}
			else
			{
				Serial_SendString("ERROR_COMMAND\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2,1,"                ");
				OLED_ShowString(2,1,"ERROR_COMMAND");
			}
			Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		}
	}		
}

 

 

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