opencv系列学习(2)

二 opencv核心模块

7 改变图像对比度和亮度

7.1 原理

通常我们对一个点的处理会使用如下公式
g(x)=αf(x)+β
这里的α和β分别是获得参数和偏压参数，用来控制亮度和对比度
g(i,j)=α⋅f(i,j)+β
我们可将f(i,j)看作原图，将g(i,j)看作输出图片，这里的i,j指的就是对于的行列像素。

7.2 代码分析

#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
// we're NOT "using namespace std;" here, to avoid collisions between the beta variable and std::beta in c++17
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using namespace cv;
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | lena.jpg | input image}" );
    Mat image = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
    if( image.empty() )
    {
      cout << "Could not open or find the image!\n" << endl;
      cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <Input image>" << endl;
      return -1;
    }
    Mat new_image = Mat::zeros( image.size(), image.type() );
    double alpha = 1.0; /*< Simple contrast control */
    int beta = 0;       /*< Simple brightness control */
    cout << " Basic Linear Transforms " << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "* Enter the alpha value [1.0-3.0]: "; cin >> alpha;
    cout << "* Enter the beta value [0-100]: ";    cin >> beta;
    for( int y = 0; y < image.rows; y++ ) {
        for( int x = 0; x < image.cols; x++ ) {
            for( int c = 0; c < image.channels(); c++ ) {
                new_image.at<Vec3b>(y,x)[c] =
                  saturate_cast<uchar>( alpha*image.at<Vec3b>(y,x)[c] + beta );
            }
        }
    }
    imshow("Original Image", image);
    imshow("New Image", new_image);
    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

• 我们用cv::imread读取图片并且使用Mat容器储存

    CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | lena.jpg | input image}" );
    Mat image = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
    if( image.empty() )
    {
      cout << "Could not open or find the image!\n" << endl;
      cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <Input image>" << endl;
      return -1;
    }

• 现在我们需要创建一个新的Mat对象来储存新的图片，这里我们进行两步操作
  1 将所有像素初始化为0
  2 和原图相同尺寸类型

 Mat new_image = Mat::zeros( image.size(), image.type() );

• 读取α和β的值

    double alpha = 1.0; /*< Simple contrast control */
    int beta = 0;       /*< Simple brightness control */
    cout << " Basic Linear Transforms " << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "* Enter the alpha value [1.0-3.0]: "; cin >> alpha;
    cout << "* Enter the beta value [0-100]: ";    cin >> beta;

• 对每个像素进行处理

方法一

for( int y = 0; y < image.rows; y++ ) {
        for( int x = 0; x < image.cols; x++ ) {
            for( int c = 0; c < image.channels(); c++ ) {
                new_image.at<Vec3b>(y,x)[c] =
                  saturate_cast<uchar>( alpha*image.at<Vec3b>(y,x)[c] + beta );
            }
        }
    }

方法二

image.convertTo(new_image, -1, alpha, beta);