v4l2视频采集笔记

int video_fd = v4l2_open(“/dev/video0”, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);

开启视频设备文件;

v4l2_capability cap;

int ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap);

获取设备能力，功能，是否有视频输入，采集输入输出方式（直接读写，流形式（内存映射(不需要new)，用户内存指针等））;

int vc_ioctl(int fd, unsigned long int request, void *arg)

{

​ int ret = 0;

​ do { ret = v4l2_ioctl( fd, request, arg ); }

​ while (ret == -1 && ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN)));

​ return ret;

​}各种io控制，具体数据结构可以自己f2进去慢慢看。

if(!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE))

{

//not a video capture device

}

if(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_READWRITE)

{

//is read and write!

}

if(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)

{

//it can use mmap!

}

​设置帧格式：
v4l2_format fmt , afmt;

afmt.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420;

​memset(&fmt, 0x00, sizeof(fmt));

​fmt.type=V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​fmt.fmt.pix = afmt;

​vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt);

获取视频帧格式，定义an image format：

v4l2_format fmt;

memset(&fmt, 0x00, sizeof(fmt));

​fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;//类型都是这个宏 。。

​vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &fmt);

​

​获取帧率：

​v4l2_streamparm param;

​memset(&param, 0x00, sizeof(param));

​param.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_G_PARM, &param);//获取。。

​if (param.parm.capture.timeperframe.numerator != 0) 

int fps = param.parm.capture.timeperframe.denominator / param.parm.capture.timeperframe.numerator; //我也不知道为什么这么算？？？

​设置帧率：

​v4l2_streamparm param;

​memset(&param, 0x00, sizeof(param));

​param.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​param.parm.capture.timeperframe.denominator = fps; //分母param.parm.capture.timeperframe.numerator = 1; //分子

​vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_S_PARM, &param);//设置。。

​这里采用内存映射获取输入流：1.设置为内存映射; 2.指定大小的内存映射缓冲区（不小于3，不大于5）

​v4l2_requestbuffers req;req.count = 4;//缓冲区大小

​req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;//内存映射

​int ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req);

​class Ca_Buf

​{

​public: 

unsigned long video_len; 

char * video_buf; 

Ca_Buf()

​ : video_len(0)

​ , video_buf(0)

​ {}

​};

​std::vector< Ca_Buf > buffers;

​buffers.resize(4);

​for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i ++) 

{ 

v4l2_buffer buf; 

memset(&buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));

​ buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; 

buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; 

buf.index = i;

​ ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf);

 buffers[i].video_len = buf.length;

​ buffers[i].video_buf = (char*)v4l2_mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, video_fd, buf.m.offset);//内存映射 。。

​ if (buffers[i].video_buf == MAP_FAILED) 

{ 

printf("capture mmap buf failure!\n"); 

return -1; 

}

 ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf);

}

​开始采集码流：

​v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type);

​获取缓冲区中视频帧流，取出最先入队的帧缓冲区指针：

​v4l2_buffer dq_buf;

​memset(&dq_buf,0,sizeof(dq_buf));

​dq_buf.type=V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​dq_buf.memory=V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

​dq_buf.index=0;

​int ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &dq_buf);

​这出队后是码流处理，渲染或是存储，反正就是拷贝后（随你怎么用）才能将指针入队。将缓冲区指针再次入队，等待收取新的帧流：

​int ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &dq_buf);

​停止采集数据：

​v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

​int ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type);

​释放内存映射：

​for(size_t i = 0; i < buffers.size(); i++)

​{ 

ret = v4l2_munmap(buffers[i].video_buf, buffers[i].video_len);

​ if (ret == -1) 

{ printf("capture munmap buf failure!\n"); return -1; }

​}

​关闭设备文件：v4l2_close(video_fd);

检查当前视频设备支持的标准

在亚洲，一般使用PAL（720X576）制式的摄像头，而欧洲一般使用NTSC（720X480），使用VIDIOC_QUERYSTD来检测

v4l2_std_id std;

ret = vc_ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, &std);