c++学习笔记：virtual constructor

使用子类创建对象，并给父类指针赋值时，当调用delete语句时，只会调用父类的析构函数。这样，如果在子类的析构函数中有数据操作，就可能发生内存泄漏。

#include <iostream>

class Base {
public:
	Base() {
		std::cout << "Base Constructor\n";
	}
	~Base() {
		std::cout << "Base Destructor\n";
	}
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
	Derived() {
		std::cout << "Derived Constructor\n";
	}
	~Derived() {
		std::cout << "Derived Destructor\n";
	}
};

int main() {

	Base* base1 = new Derived();
	delete base1;

	std::cin.get();
}

输出为：

Base Constructor
Derived Constructor
Base Destructor

可以通过在父类中的析构函数添加virtual关键字，来解决

#include <iostream>

class Base {
public:
	Base() {
		std::cout << "Base Constructor\n";
	}
	virtual ~Base() {
		std::cout << "Base Destructor\n";
	}
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
	Derived() {
		std::cout << "Derived Constructor\n";
	}
	~Derived() {
		std::cout << "Derived Destructor\n";
	}
};

int main() {
	Base* base = new Base();
	delete base;
	std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
	Derived* derived = new Derived();
	delete derived;
	std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
	Base* base1 = new Derived();
	delete base1;

	std::cin.get();
}

输出为：

Base Constructor
Derived Constructor
Derived Destructor
Base Destructor

另外注意子类定义时的public关键字，如果不加，则不能通过子类对象给父类赋值