深入浅出设计模式四——比萨店生产比萨实现(工厂方法模式）

在http://quicker.iteye.com/blog/571714一文中已经讲了简单工厂和工厂方法并且有UML图和实现的代码。

这里只结合实例分析一下工厂方法在实际生活中的应用。

我们看看比萨店及比萨的图。

 

 

产品图。

结合http://quicker.iteye.com/blog/571714中关于工厂方法模式的实现，不难得出实现代码：

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public abstract class PizzaStore {

	public final Pizza orderPizza(String type){
		Pizza pizza;
		pizza = createPizza(type);
		pizza.prepare();
		pizza.bake();
		pizza.cut();
		pizza.box();
		return pizza;
		
	}
	abstract Pizza createPizza(String type);
}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore {

	Pizza createPizza(String type) {
		Pizza pizza = null;
		if(type.equals("cheese")){
			pizza = new NYCheesePizza();
		}else if(type.equals("veggle")){
			pizza = new NYVegglePizza();
		}
		return pizza;
	}

}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class ChicagoPizzaStore extends PizzaStore {

	Pizza createPizza(String type) {
		Pizza pizza = null;
		if(type.equals("cheese")){
			pizza = new ChicagoCheesePizza();
		}else if(type.equals("veggle")){
			pizza = new ChicagoVegglePizza();
		}
		return pizza;
	}

}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public abstract class Pizza {

	String name;	//名称
	String dough;	//面团类型
	String sauce;	//酱料类型
	ArrayList toppings = new ArrayList(); //一套佐料
	
	public void prepare() {
		
		System.out.println("Preparing " + name);
		System.out.println("Tossign dough..." + dough);
		System.out.println("Adding sauce..." + sauce);
		System.out.println("Adding toppings: ");
		for (int i = 0; i < toppings.size(); i++) {
			System.out.println(" " + toppings.get(i));
			
		}
		
	}

	public void bake() {
		System.out.println("Bake for 25 minutes at 350");
	}

	public void cut() {
		System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices");
	}

	public void box() {
		System.out.println("Pizza in offical PizzaStrore box");
	}
	
	public String getName(){
		return name;
	}
}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class NYCheesePizza extends Pizza {

	public NYCheesePizza(){
		name = "NYCheesePizza";
		dough = "Thin crust dough NYCheesePizza";
		sauce = "Marina sauce NYCheesePizza";
		toppings.add("Grated NYCheesePizza cheese");
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("cut it into NYCheesePizza slices");
	}
}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class NYVegglePizza extends Pizza {

	public NYVegglePizza(){
		name = "NYVegglePizza";
		dough = "Thin crust dough NYVegglePizza";
		sauce = "Marina sauce NYVegglePizza";
		toppings.add("Grated NYVegglePizza cheese");
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("cut it into NYVegglePizza slices");
	}
}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class ChicagoCheesePizza extends Pizza {

	public ChicagoCheesePizza(){
		name = "ChicagoCheesePizza";
		dough = "Thin crust dough ChicagoCheesePizza";
		sauce = "Marina sauce ChicagoCheesePizza";
		toppings.add("Grated ChicagoCheesePizza cheese");
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("cut it into ChicagoCheesePizza slices");
	}
}

 

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class ChicagoVegglePizza extends Pizza {
	public ChicagoVegglePizza(){
		name = "ChicagoVegglePizza";
		dough = "Thin crust dough ChicagoVegglePizza";
		sauce = "Marina sauce ChicagoVegglePizza";
		toppings.add("Grated ChicagoVegglePizza cheese");
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("cut it into ChicagoVegglePizza slices");
	}
}

 

上面共定义了四种比萨，客户向系统订购这四种比萨。。

package com.lwf.disign.learn.factorymethod;

public class PizzaStoreTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		PizzaStore pizzaStore = new NYPizzaStore();
		Pizza pizza = pizzaStore.orderPizza("cheese");
		print(pizza.getName());
		
		pizza = pizzaStore.orderPizza("veggle");
		print(pizza.getName());
		
		pizzaStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore();
		pizza = pizzaStore.orderPizza("cheese");
		print(pizza.getName());
		
		pizza = pizzaStore.orderPizza("veggle");
		print(pizza.getName());
		
	}

	public static void print(String name){
		System.out.println(name);
		System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------");
	}
}

 输出结果为：

Preparing NYCheesePizza
Tossign dough...Thin crust dough NYCheesePizza
Adding sauce...Marina sauce NYCheesePizza
Adding toppings: 
 Grated NYCheesePizza cheese
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
cut it into NYCheesePizza slices
Pizza in offical PizzaStrore box
NYCheesePizza
-------------------------------------------------------------
Preparing NYVegglePizza
Tossign dough...Thin crust dough NYVegglePizza
Adding sauce...Marina sauce NYVegglePizza
Adding toppings: 
 Grated NYVegglePizza cheese
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
cut it into NYVegglePizza slices
Pizza in offical PizzaStrore box
NYVegglePizza
-------------------------------------------------------------
Preparing ChicagoCheesePizza
Tossign dough...Thin crust dough ChicagoCheesePizza
Adding sauce...Marina sauce ChicagoCheesePizza
Adding toppings: 
 Grated ChicagoCheesePizza cheese
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
cut it into ChicagoCheesePizza slices
Pizza in offical PizzaStrore box
ChicagoCheesePizza
-------------------------------------------------------------
Preparing ChicagoVegglePizza
Tossign dough...Thin crust dough ChicagoVegglePizza
Adding sauce...Marina sauce ChicagoVegglePizza
Adding toppings: 
 Grated ChicagoVegglePizza cheese
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
cut it into ChicagoVegglePizza slices
Pizza in offical PizzaStrore box
ChicagoVegglePizza
-------------------------------------------------------------

  

 

设计原则：要依赖抽象，不要依赖具体类，也叫依赖倒置原则

如下图：

 可以看到上下都依赖于pizza这个抽象类..

 这启发我们思考方式的变化，我们也可以倒置思考方式：如一般你想开个比萨店先会想到要用什么做比萨，考虑一大堆原料等。。。最后才是比萨店。那么我们可以改变思考的方式，我们只需要把比萨先做一个抽象。那们上我们可以开比萨店，下我们可以制作多种类型的比萨。

下面有几种方式可以让我们尽可能的遵守倒置原则

然而上面的三点要求对待程序可谓是严格的。。当然如果一个类以后变化的机会很少，那么为什么不直接new出来呢。如String类。。所以这些都只是让我们的设计变得更好的方针，不能死套在程序上。