[POJ2142]The Balance 扩展欧几里得

Description

Ms. Iyo Kiffa-Australis has a balance and only two kinds of weights to measure a dose of medicine. For example, to measure 200mg of aspirin using 300mg weights and 700mg weights, she can put one 700mg weight on the side of the medicine and three 300mg weights on the opposite side (Figure 1). Although she could put four 300mg weights on the medicine side and two 700mg weights on the other (Figure 2), she would not choose this solution because it is less convenient to use more weights. 
You are asked to help her by calculating how many weights are required. 

Input

The input is a sequence of datasets. A dataset is a line containing three positive integers a, b, and d separated by a space. The following relations hold: a != b, a <= 10000, b <= 10000, and d <= 50000. You may assume that it is possible to measure d mg using a combination of a mg and b mg weights. In other words, you need not consider "no solution" cases. 
The end of the input is indicated by a line containing three zeros separated by a space. It is not a dataset.

Output

The output should be composed of lines, each corresponding to an input dataset (a, b, d). An output line should contain two nonnegative integers x and y separated by a space. They should satisfy the following three conditions. 

• You can measure dmg using x many amg weights and y many bmg weights. 
  
• The total number of weights (x + y) is the smallest among those pairs of nonnegative integers satisfying the previous condition. 
  
• The total mass of weights (ax + by) is the smallest among those pairs of nonnegative integers satisfying the previous two conditions.

No extra characters (e.g. extra spaces) should appear in the output.

Sample Input

700 300 200
500 200 300
500 200 500
275 110 330
275 110 385
648 375 4002
3 1 10000
0 0 0

Sample Output

1 3
1 1
1 0
0 3
1 1
49 74
3333 1

Source

Japan 2004

题解：

    这道题与模板题唯一的区别就是，他要求的"最小正整数解"不再是只关注ax+by=c两个解x,y中的任意一个，而是关注了|x|+|y|的值。其实学过这类函数的同学可以画个W=|x|+|y|图像试试，通过不断平移，你会发现最小的整点一定是最靠近直线与坐标轴交点的地方。因此我们就先解决ax+by=c对于x的最小正整数解，再解决对于y的最小正整数解，按照他的排序要求，找到最小的那个即可。

AC代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
ll exgcd(ll a,ll b,ll &x,ll &y){
	ll d;
	if(b){d=exgcd(b,a%b,y,x);y-=a/b*x;return d;}
	x=1;y=0;return a;
}
ll ab(ll x){
	return x>0?x:-x;
}
ll w1,w2,c;
void work(){
	ll d,anx,any,min1=2147483647,min2=2147483647,x,y;
	d=exgcd(w1,w2,anx,any);anx=anx*c/d;any=any*c/d;
	x=anx;y=any;
	anx=(anx%(w2/d)+w2/d)%(w2/d);
	any=any-(anx-x)/(w2/d)*(w1/d);
	min1=ab(anx)+ab(any);min2=anx*w1+any*w2;
	x=anx;y=any;
	any=(any%(w1/d)+w1/d)%(w1/d);
	anx=anx-(any-y)/(w1/d)*(w2/d);
	if(min1>ab(anx)+ab(any)){
		x=anx;y=any;
	}
	if(min1==ab(anx)+ab(any)){
		if(min2>anx*w1+any*w2){
			x=anx;y=any;
		}
	}
	printf("%lld %lld\n",ab(x),ab(y));
}
int main(){
	while(1){
		scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&w1,&w2,&c);
		if(w1==0&&w2==0&&c==0)return 0;
		work();
	}
	return 0;
}