深入理解Python中类属性和对象属性

class A():
    count = 0

    def __init__(self):
        A.count += 1

    def exclaim(self):
        print("I'm an A!")

    @classmethod
    def kids(cls):
        print("A has", cls.count, "little objects.")


easy_a = A()
breezy_a = A()
wheezy_a = A()
A.kids()
print(easy_a.count)

输出：

A has 3 little objects.
3

类属性count记录了类A被实例化了多少次，相当于A这个“抽象类”的属性，而每一个实例都会得到这个count，所以easy_a.count的值也是3。

如果把count改为初始化时只修改实例的count值，那么A的count始终是0，而各个实例的count是1。

class A():
    count = 0

    def __init__(self):
        self.count += 1

    def exclaim(self):
        print("I'm an A!")

    @classmethod
    def kids(cls):
        print("A has", cls.count, "little objects.")


easy_a = A()
breezy_a = A()
wheezy_a = A()
A.kids()
print(easy_a.count)

输出：

A has 0 little objects.
1

参考资料：《Python语言及其应用》【美】卢巴诺维奇 著