树莓派4B系列教程四 :CPU智能温度闭环控制

写在前面

在上一节提到通过散热片和散热风扇实现CPU的智能温度控制问题，但是没有深入展开。本节主要来讲讲这个智能温控闭环控制的思路，动手来实现这个想法。

温控闭环的思路

温控闭环的思路是根据树莓派的CPU温度，实现风扇的启停控制。
当CPU温度超过给定温度T1，则开启风扇。
当CPU温度降低到给定温度T2，则关闭风扇。
同时为了避免风扇的频繁启停，可以控制程序5s做一次判断，保持风扇启停惯性。

智能温控电路

下图为树莓派4B的GPIO接口图。

智能闭环温控的软件实现

(1)安装wiringPi库
底层GPIO控制的库采用wiringPi

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt search wiringpi
正在排序... 完成
全文搜索... 完成  
wiringpi/testing,now 2.50 armhf [已安装]
  The wiringPi libraries, headers and gpio command

搜索一下，发现系统中已经安装了wiringpi这个库了。
如果没有安装，请用下列命名安装下：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get install  wiringpi

不过从上面可知，wiringPi默认版本是2.50，是不满足完全映射树莓派4B。

wget https://project-downloads.drogon.net/wiringpi-latest.deb
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo dpkg -i wiringpi-latest.deb 
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 100251 个文件和目录。)
准备解压 wiringpi-latest.deb  ...
正在解压 wiringpi (2.52) 并覆盖 (2.50) ...
正在设置 wiringpi (2.52) ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.8.5-2) 的触发器 ...

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio -v
gpio version: 2.52
Copyright (c) 2012-2018 Gordon Henderson
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type: gpio -warranty

Raspberry Pi Details:
  Type: Pi 4B, Revision: 02, Memory: 4096MB, Maker: Sony 
  * Device tree is enabled.
  *--> Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.2
  * This Raspberry Pi supports user-level GPIO access.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 4B--+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 | BCM | wPi |   Name  | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name    | wPi | BCM |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 |     |     |    3.3v |      |   |  1 || 2  |   |      | 5v      |     |     |
 |   2 |   8 |   SDA.1 |   IN | 1 |  3 || 4  |   |      | 5v      |     |     |
 |   3 |   9 |   SCL.1 |   IN | 1 |  5 || 6  |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   4 |   7 | GPIO. 7 |   IN | 1 |  7 || 8  | 1 | IN   | TxD     | 15  | 14  |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   |  9 || 10 | 1 | IN   | RxD     | 16  | 15  |
 |  17 |   0 | GPIO. 0 |  OUT | 0 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 1 | 1   | 18  |
 |  27 |   2 | GPIO. 2 |   IN | 0 | 13 || 14 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |  22 |   3 | GPIO. 3 |   IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 4 | 4   | 23  |
 |     |     |    3.3v |      |   | 17 || 18 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 5 | 5   | 24  |
 |  10 |  12 |    MOSI |   IN | 0 | 19 || 20 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   9 |  13 |    MISO |   IN | 0 | 21 || 22 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 6 | 6   | 25  |
 |  11 |  14 |    SCLK |   IN | 0 | 23 || 24 | 1 | IN   | CE0     | 10  | 8   |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   | 25 || 26 | 1 | IN   | CE1     | 11  | 7   |
 |   0 |  30 |   SDA.0 |   IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN   | SCL.0   | 31  | 1   |
 |   5 |  21 | GPIO.21 |   IN | 1 | 29 || 30 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   6 |  22 | GPIO.22 |   IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.26 | 26  | 12  |
 |  13 |  23 | GPIO.23 |   IN | 0 | 33 || 34 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |  19 |  24 | GPIO.24 |   IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.27 | 27  | 16  |
 |  26 |  25 | GPIO.25 |   IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.28 | 28  | 20  |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.29 | 29  | 21  |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 | BCM | wPi |   Name  | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name    | wPi | BCM |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 4B--+---+------+---------+-----+-----+

从GPIO映射图可知，我们选择排针(物理硬件接口)上的GPIO11对应wiringPi软件库中的GPIO0，所以下面软件代码中，我们会用GPIO0控制风扇的启停。

(2)编写代码(此处我采用C代码)

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ vim fan_ctrl.c
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat fan_ctrl.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <wiringPi.h>

//导入文件控制函数库
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define TEMP_PATH "/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp"
#define MAX_SIZE 20

#define GPIO_FAN 0
int main(void)
{
	int fd;
	double temp = 0;
	char buf[MAX_SIZE];
	
	wiringPiSetup();
	pinMode(GPIO_FAN,OUTPUT);
	
	while(1)
	{
		// 以只读方式打开/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp
		fd = open(TEMP_PATH, O_RDONLY);
		//判断文件是否正常被打开
		if (fd < 0)
		{
			//fprintf(stderr, "failed to open thermal_zone0/temp\n");
			//return -1;
			continue;
		}
		// 读取内容
		if (read(fd, buf, MAX_SIZE) < 0)
		{
			//fprintf(stderr, "failed to read temp\n");
			//return -1;
			continue;
		}

		// 转换为浮点数打印
		temp = atoi(buf) / 1000.0;
		printf("temp: %.3f\n", temp);

		
		if(temp>=65)
		{
			digitalWrite(GPIO_FAN,HIGH);
		}
		else if(temp<=45)
		{
			digitalWrite(GPIO_FAN,LOW);
		}

		// 关闭文件
		close(fd);
		
		sleep(5);

	}

}

从程序可知，首先获取CPU温度，CPU温度超过65℃开启风扇，CPU温度降低到45℃关闭风扇，延时5s后，进行下一次判断。

C代码编译

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gcc fan_ctrl.c -lwiringPi  -o fan_ctrl

C程序执行

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ./fan_ctrl 
temp: 55.504
temp: 53.556
temp: 54.043
temp: 54.530
temp: 55.017
temp: 54.043
temp: 54.530
temp: 55.017
temp: 54.043
temp: 53.556
temp: 54.043
temp: 54.530
temp: 55.017

程序会5s打印一次CPU的温度信息。

至此说明，程序运行没有问题。如果想试试风扇的启停控制，可以适当修改源代码的启停温度点，即可测试。

智能温控软件程序开机自启动

新建自启动服务脚本

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo touch /lib/systemd/system/fan_ctrl.service
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/fan_ctrl.service 

[Unit]
Description=temp control relay
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
ExecStart=/home/pi/fan_ctrl & 
ExecReload=/home/pi/fan_ctrl &

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置开机自启动

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl  daemon-reload 
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl start fan_ctrl.service 
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl enable fan_ctrl.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/fan_ctrl.service → /lib/systemd/system/fan_ctrl.service.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl status fan_ctrl.service 
● fan_ctrl.service - temp control relay
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/fan_ctrl.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-12-26 17:11:29 CST; 25s ago
 Main PID: 5409 (fan_ctrl)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/fan_ctrl.service
           └─5409 /home/pi/fan_ctrl &

12月 26 17:11:30 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Started temp control relay.

OK，一切均正常运行，还你世界一片安静。

总结

本节优点技术难度，要求有一点硬件电路知识、嵌入式软件知识和动手能力，不过折腾就是一种快乐。
生命不止，折腾不息。
Good luck!!!