图像识别中的P-R曲线是如何产生的-Effective DeepLearning

在做图像分类和标注的模型的时候,发现大家对其中一个评价指标P-R曲线图的生成比较疑惑,这里就想跟大家探讨一下我自己的理解。

做过图像分类和图像标注的小伙伴都会晓得下面两个图

一,这个是描述一个分类的P准确率(简单理解就是模型出这个结果会有多少的概率是可以相信这个结果的)和R召回率(就是你放一个这个分类进去模型做预测它出来的结果有多少概率是可以相信的)的计算方式,还有就是F1-scroe的计算方式(也有小伙伴说这只是二分类的计算方式,但是即使你的模型有几千分类,其中一个分类的这些指标,相对于其他分类之间他们也是形成了一个类似二分类的情况)

二,然后很多的书籍或者文章就立刻会介绍,在模型训练完成后从上面的P和R就可以得到下面的P-R曲线图。这使得很多刚刚接触的小伙伴(当然包括我/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~)很是疑惑为什么上面只是一个值,在图片里面顶多是一个点,怎么能得到下面的曲线呢(这个图只是拿来做例子,具体的数据不一定准确。例如当R为0,P应该也为0因为图一中的A已经为0了,现在大量的文章都是这样导致新手们看得痛苦,然后就死在起跑线上了)

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Abstract: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a widely used welding process in various industries. One of the significant challenges in GMAW is to achieve optimal welding parameters and minimize defects such as spatter and porosity. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based approach to analyze metal-transfer images in GMAW processes. Our approach can automatically detect and classify the different types of metal-transfer modes and provide insights for process optimization. Introduction: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a welding process that uses a consumable electrode and an external shielding gas to protect the weld pool from atmospheric contamination. During the GMAW process, the metal transfer mode affects the weld quality and productivity. Three types of metal transfer modes are commonly observed in GMAW: short-circuiting transfer (SCT), globular transfer (GT), and spray transfer (ST). The selection of the transfer mode depends on the welding parameters, such as the welding current, voltage, and wire feed speed. The metal transfer mode can be observed using high-speed imaging techniques, which capture the dynamic behavior of the molten metal during welding. The interpretation of these images requires expertise and is time-consuming. To address these issues, we propose a deep-learning-based approach to analyze metal-transfer images in GMAW processes. Methodology: We collected a dataset of metal-transfer images using a high-speed camera during the GMAW process. The images were captured at a rate of 5000 frames per second, and the dataset includes 1000 images for each transfer mode. We split the dataset into training, validation, and testing sets, with a ratio of 70:15:15. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the metal-transfer mode from the images. We used the ResNet50 architecture with transfer learning, which is a widely used and effective approach for image classification tasks. The model was trained using the categorical cross-entropy loss function and the Adam optimizer. Results: We achieved an accuracy of 96.7% on the testing set using our deep-learning-based approach. Our approach can accurately detect and classify the different types of metal-transfer modes in GMAW processes. Furthermore, we used the Grad-CAM technique to visualize the important regions of the images that contributed to the classification decision. Conclusion: In this paper, we proposed a deep-learning-based approach to analyze metal-transfer images in GMAW processes. Our approach can automatically detect and classify the different types of metal-transfer modes with high accuracy. The proposed approach can provide insights for process optimization and reduce the need for human expertise in interpreting high-speed images. Future work includes investigating the use of our approach in real-time monitoring of the GMAW process and exploring the application of our approach in other welding processes.

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