DHCP服务管理
软件名:
- dhcp #软件包
- dhcp-common #命令软件名
服务名:
- dhcpd #DHCP服务名
- dhcrelay #DHCP中继服务名
端口号:
- udp 67 #作为客户端的目标端口,接收客户端的请求DHCP请求
- udp 68 #作为服务器的源端口,用来向客户端回复数据包
配置文件:
- dhcpd /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf#此配置文件默认是空的,需要找模板文件重新生成
- dhcpd.conf.sample /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4../dhcpd.conf.sample#模板配置文件
- dhcrelay /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay#中继配置文件
dhcpd.conf配置文件详解:
subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { # 声明要分配的网段与子网掩码,至少有一个subnet与服务器ip在同一网段
range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30; #声明可用的IP地址池
option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org; #设置DNS服务器地址
option domain-name 8.8.8.8; #设置DNS域
option routers 10.5.5.1; #网关地址
option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31; #广播地址
default-lease-time 600; #默认租约(秒)
max-lease-time 7200; #最大租约(秒)
}
DHCP租约实验:
# 服务器dhcp设置
> vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.44.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.44.101 192.168.44.110;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}
# 重启服务
> systemctl restart dhcpd
# 客户端网卡设置:
> cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp #保存后重启网卡 (ifdown eth0;ifup eth0,重启单个网卡)
# 客户端查看日志:
> vi /var/log/messages
Mar 7 13:35:13 localhost dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:03:d5:f4 (localhost) via eth0
Mar 7 13:35:13 localhost dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.44.101 to 00:0c:29:03:d5:f4 (localhost) via eth0
Mar 7 13:35:13 localhost dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.44.101 (192.168.44.128) from 00:0c:29:03:d5:f4 (localhost) via eth0
Mar 7 13:35:13 localhost dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.44.101 to 00:0c:29:03:d5:f4 (localhost) via eth0
地址保留(固定地址分配)实验:
# 在服务器获取客户端mac地址
> arp -a
? (192.168.44.102) at 00:0c:29:28:70:c3 [ether] on eth0
# 修改服务器配置文件
host fantasia {
hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:28:70:c3; # 上面查到的mac地址
fixed-address 192.168.44.105; #保留的ip
}
# 服务器重启服务
> systemctl restart dhcpd
# 客户端网卡设置:
> cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp #保存后重启网卡 (ifdown eth0;ifup eth0,重启单个网卡)
# 客户端查看ip
> ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:70:C3
inet addr:192.168.44.105 Bcast:192.168.44.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
# 服务端查看日志
> vi /var/log/messages
Mar 7 14:08:51 localhost dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:28:70:c3 via eth0
Mar 7 14:08:52 localhost dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.44.105 to 00:0c:29:28:70:c3 via eth0
Mar 7 14:08:52 localhost dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.44.105 (192.168.44.128) from 00:0c:29:28:70:c3 via eth0
Mar 7 14:08:52 localhost dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.44.105 to 00:0c:29:28:70:c3 via eth0