时间轴_数据存储

年份
1890	Herman Hollerith developed a method for machines to record and store information onto punch cards to be used for the US census. He later formed the company we know as IBM today.	赫尔曼·霍勒瑞斯（Herman Hollerith）开发了一种机器方法，将信息记录并存储到穿孔卡片上，用于美国人口普查。他后来成立了我们今天所知的IBM公司。
1946	Freddie Williams applied for a patent on his CRT (cathode ray tube) storage device in December. The device that later became known as the Williams tube is capable of storing between 512 and 1024 bits of data.	弗雷迪·威廉姆斯（Freddie Williams）于12月申请了他的阴极射线管（CRT）存储设备的专利。后来被称为威廉姆斯管的设备能够存储512到1024位数据。
1956	The first hard drive was released by IBM on September 13, 1956. It is a non-removable device, having a 5 MB storage capacity and costing $50,000. The first use of the hard drive was in the IBM 305 RAMAC system.	第一个硬盘驱动器由IBM于1956年9月13日发布。它是一个不可移动的设备，具有5MB的存储容量，成本为50000美元。第一次使用硬盘驱动器是在IBM 305 RAMAC系统中。
1956	The first external hard drive, the IBM 350 Disk File, was released on September 13, 1956. Reynold B. Johnson, an engineer at IBM, came up with the concept.	第一个外部硬盘，IBM 350磁盘文件，于1956年9月13日发布。IBM工程师雷诺德·约翰逊提出了这个概念。
1963	IBM developed the first removable hard drive, having a capacity of 2.6 MB.	IBM开发了第一个可移动硬盘，容量为2.6MB。
1966	James Russell invented the concept of a CD (compact disc) in 1966. He was granted a patent for the CD in 1970.	詹姆斯·拉塞尔（James Russell）于1966年发明了CD（光盘）的概念。1970年，他获得了CD的专利。
1967	IBM began development of floppy disk technology in 1967 at their San Jose, California site.	IBM于1967年在其加利福尼亚州圣何塞工厂开始开发软盘技术。
1971	The first floppy disk device, the IBM 23FD, and first floppy disk were released by IBM in 1971. The floppy disk was 8 inches in diameter, had a storage capacity of 80 KB, and was read-only. The 23FD was a built-in component of the 2835 Storage Control Unit.	1971年，IBM发布了第一个软盘设备IBM 23FD和第一张软盘。软盘直径为8英寸，存储容量为80 KB，并且是只读的。23FD是2835存储控制单元的内置组件。
1972	Memorex released a floppy disk drive, called the Memorex 650, in 1972. The 650 floppy diskette stored 175 KB of data and was used by many devices.	1972年，Memorex发布了一款名为Memorex650的软盘驱动器。这张650软盘存储了175KB的数据，被许多设备使用。
1976	Shugart Associates released the first 5.25-inch floppy disk drive in 1976. The 5.25-inch single density floppy disk initially had a capacity of 90 KB. The double density floppy disk held an initial 113 KB. Disk capacity was later increased by other companies.	Shugart Associates于1976年发布了第一款5.25英寸软盘驱动器。5.25英寸单密度软盘最初的容量为90 KB。双密度软盘的初始容量为113 KB。后来其他公司增加了磁盘容量。
1976	Dataram Corporation released BULK CORE, the world's first SSD (solid-state drive) storage technology, for DEC and Data General computers.	Dataram Corporation发布了BULK CORE，这是世界上第一个用于DEC和Data General计算机的SSD（固态驱动器）存储技术。
1979	Monty Widenius, co-owner of a small company called TcX, created a reporting tool called Unireg, written in BASIC for a 4 MHz computer with 16 KB RAM. The tool was later ported to the C programming language for Unix, and developed to become the database software MySQL 1.0 in 1996. Today, the MySQL RDBMS powers approximately 50% of websites on the Internet.	Monty Widenius是一家名为TcX的小公司的共同所有者，他创建了一个名为Unireg的报告工具，该工具是用BASIC编写的，用于一台具有16 KB RAM的4 MHz计算机。该工具后来被移植到Unix的C编程语言中，并于1996年发展成为数据库软件MySQL 1.0。如今，MySQL RDBMS为大约50%的互联网网站提供支持。
1980	The first 1 GB (gigabyte) hard drive was developed by IBM, weighing 550 pounds and costing $40,000.	第一个1GB（GB）硬盘是由IBM开发的，重550磅，价值40000美元。
1981	Sony introduced their first 3.5-inch floppy disk drive in 1981. The 3.5-inch floppy disk had a formatted capacity of 161.2 KB. However, the MIC (Microfloppy Industry Committee) released a 3.5-inch media specification in 1982 that rendered Sony's 3.5-inch floppy disk and drive unusable.	索尼于1981年推出了第一款3.5英寸软盘驱动器。3.5英寸软驱的格式化容量为161.2 KB。然而，MIC（Microfloppy Industry Committee）在1982年发布了一份3.5英寸媒体规范，使得索尼的3.5英寸软盘和驱动器无法使用。
1982	The first CD (compact disc) was developed by Philips and Sony on August 17, 1982.	1982年8月17日，飞利浦和索尼开发了第一张CD（光盘）。
1983	Rodime developed the first 3.5-inch hard drive with a capacity of 10 MB.	Rodime开发了第一款容量为10 MB的3.5英寸硬盘。
1983	The first single-sided 3.5-inch floppy disk drives, adhering to the MIC specifications, were released in 1983. Double-sided 3.5-inch floppy disk drives were released in 1984.	符合MIC规范的第一款单面3.5英寸软盘驱动器于1983年发布。双面3.5英寸软驱于1984年发布。
1988	The specifications for CD-R technology were published by Philips and Sony. The technology was originally named CD-WO (Write Once) or WORM.	CD-R技术规范由飞利浦和索尼发布。该技术最初命名为CD-WO（一次写入）或WORM。
1988	Digipro, a small PC vendor in Alabama, USA, revealed the first SSD prototype built using flash memory. It featured Intel's NOR flash memory technology that was released earlier the same year.	美国阿拉巴马州的一家小型PC供应商Digipro展示了第一个使用闪存构建的SSD原型。它采用了同年早些时候发布的英特尔NOR闪存技术。
1990	The CD-R (recordable CD) technology with the ability to write data to a CD was available on the market starting in 1990. The first devices were nearly the size of a washing machine and cost around $35,000.	1990年开始，市场上出现了能够将数据写入CD的CD-R（可刻录CD）技术。第一批设备的尺寸接近洗衣机的大小，成本约为35000美元。
1991	SanDisk brought the first consumer SSD to market, featuring a capacity of 20 MB.	SanDisk将第一款消费级SSD推向市场，容量为20 MB。
1994	The Zip drive was introduced by Iomega in 1994. The first zip disk has a capacity of 100 MB. Later zip disks have capacities of 250 MB and 750 MB.	Iomega于1994年推出了Zip驱动器。第一个Zip磁盘的容量为100 MB。较新的压缩磁盘容量为250 MB和750 MB。
1994	The CompactFlash flash memory card was first developed and released by SanDisk in 1994. The first CompactFlash cards have a storage capacity of 2 MB.	CompactFlash闪存卡由SanDisk于1994年首次开发和发布。第一批CompactFlashs卡的存储容量为2 MB。
1995	The DVD was invented and developed by multiple companies in 1995. Companies involved in the DVD development include Hitachi, JVC, Matsushita Electric, Mitsubishi Electric, Philips, Pioneer, Sony, Time Warner, and Toshiba.	1995年，DVD由多家公司发明和开发。参与DVD开发的公司包括日立、JVC、松下电气、三菱电机、飞利浦、先锋、索尼、时代华纳和东芝。
1996	Hewlett-Packard announced it would no longer be manufacturing hard drives, July 10, 1996.	1996年7月10日，惠普宣布不再生产硬盘。
1996	After 17 years of development, MySQL version 1.0 was released in October 1996. By 2019, it would grow to become the database software powering half of all websites on the Internet.	经过17年的开发，MySQL 1.0版于1996年10月发布。到2019年，它将发展成为支持一半互联网网站的数据库软件。
1997	Imation developed the SuperDisk drive and diskette, also called the LS-120. The first SuperDisk diskette had a capacity of 120 MB, with a later version having a capacity of 240 MB.	Imation开发了超级磁盘驱动器和软盘，也称为LS-120。第一张超级磁盘的容量为120 MB，后来的版本的容量为240 MB。
1997	The rewritable CD, or CD-RW, was introduced in 1997. It allows data to be written to a specific type of rewritable disc again and again.	可重写光盘（CD-RW）于1997年推出。它允许数据反复写入特定类型的可重写光盘。
1997	The DVD-R (recordable DVD) and DVD-RW (rewritable DVD) discs were developed by Pioneer in 1997.	DVD-R（可刻录DVD）和DVD-RW（可重写DVD）光盘由先锋公司于1997年开发。
1997	The DVD+R and DVD+RW disc format, a recordable DVD that utilized the "+" format, was created by the DVD+RW Alliance in 1997. The alliance includes Dell, HP, Ricoh, Sony, and Yamaha.	DVD+R和DVD+RW光盘格式是一种使用“+”格式的可刻录DVD，由DVD+RW联盟于1997年创建。该联盟包括戴尔、惠普、理光、索尼和雅马哈。
1997	The MMC (MultiMediaCard) was a flash-based memory card developed by SanDisk and Siemens in 1997.	MMC（多媒体卡）是SanDisk和Siemens于1997年开发的基于闪存的存储卡。
1998	The Memory Stick was released by Sony in October 1998. The Sony Memory Stick is a memory card that can only be used with Sony devices.	记忆棒由索尼公司于1998年10月发布。索尼记忆棒是一种只能与索尼设备一起使用的记忆卡。
1999	Amir Ban, Dov Moran, and Oron Ogdan at M-Systems, now SanDisk, developed the first USB flash drive, called a DiskOnKey, in April 1999. It had a storage of capacity of 8 MB and was sold to the public starting in 2000.	M-Systems（现为SanDisk）的Amir Ban、Dov Moran和Oron Ogdan于1999年4月开发了第一个USB闪存驱动器，称为DiskOnKey。该驱动器的存储容量为8 MB，并于2000年开始向公众出售。
1999	Panasonic, SanDisk, and Toshiba developed the SD (Secure Digital) memory card format and introduced it to the public in August 1999.	松下、SanDisk和东芝开发了SD（安全数字）存储卡格式，并于1999年8月向公众推出。
2004	Google began development of Bigtable, a massively-scaling data storage system used internally for its critical applications.	谷歌开始开发Bigtable，这是一种大规模扩展的数据存储系统，内部用于其关键应用程序。
2006	The Blu-ray disc format was developed by multiple companies and introduced to the public on January 4, 2006. Companies involved include Dell, Hitachi, Hewlett-Packard, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Sony, and TDK. The Blu-ray format was a competing high definition data technology to HD DVD. A Blu-ray disc can store 25 GB or 50 GB of data, depending on if it's a single-layer or dual-layer disc.	蓝光光盘格式由多家公司开发，并于2006年1月4日向公众推出。涉及的公司包括戴尔、日立、惠普、LG、三菱、松下、索尼和TDK。蓝光格式是与HD DVD竞争的高清晰度数据技术。蓝光光盘可以存储25 GB或50 GB的数据，具体取决于它是单层还是双层光盘。
2006	Toshiba released the first HD DVD player on March 31, 2006. The HD DVD format was a competing high definition data technology to Blu-ray. An HD DVD can store 25 GB of data per layer. Blu-ray beat out HD DVD in the high definition disc technology war on February 19, 2008.	东芝于2006年3月31日发布了首款HD DVD播放器。HD DVD格式是与蓝光竞争的高清晰度数据技术。一张HD DVD每层可以存储25 GB的数据。2008年2月19日，蓝光在高清光盘技术战争中击败了HD DVD。
2006	Samsung released the first Blu-ray player in June 2006.	2006年6月，三星发布了第一款蓝光播放器。
2006	The first Blu-ray rewritable drive available to the mass market was released by Sony, the BWU-100A. It retailed for $699 and was capable of writing data to single-layer and dual-layer Blu-ray discs.	索尼发布了第一款面向大众市场的蓝光可重写硬盘BWU-100A。它的零售价为699美元，能够将数据写入单层和双层蓝光光盘。
2007	The first 1 TB (terabyte) hard drive, developed by Hitachi, was released in January 2007.	日立公司于2007年1月推出首款1 TB（TB）硬盘。
2007	MIT student Drew Houston, frustrated by forgetting his USB drive before getting on a train from Boston to New York, conceived of the Dropbox cloud data storage service. In June 2007, he founded Dropbox, Inc. Today, the Dropbox service has over 500 million users worldwide, and handles approximately 4,000 file edits every second.	麻省理工学院（MIT）学生德鲁·休斯顿（Drew Houston）在上从波士顿到纽约的火车前忘记了自己的USB驱动器，这让他很沮丧，于是他构思了Dropbox云数据存储服务。2007年6月，他创立了Dropbox，股份有限公司。如今，Dropbox服务在全球拥有5亿多用户，每秒处理约4000个文件编辑。
2013	Kingston released the first 1 TB USB flash drive in January 2013.	金斯顿于2013年1月发布了首款1 TB USB闪存驱动器。
2013	In July 2013, Samsung announced the XS1715 Enterprise, the first commercial NVMe (non-volatile memory express) data storage drive. It read data at 3 GB/s, six times faster than Samsung's previous Enterprise drives.	2013年7月，三星宣布推出XS1715 Enterprise，这是第一款商用NVMe（非易失性存储器express）数据存储驱动器。它以3 GB/s的速度读取数据，比三星以前的Enterprise硬盘快六倍。
2015	In May 2015, Google released a public version of Bigtable as an optional component of GCP (Google Cloud Platform).	2015年5月，谷歌发布了一个公共版本的Bigtable，作为GCP（谷歌云平台）的可选组件。
2015	In July 2015, Intel announced 3D XPoint, a multi-planar NVMe data storage technology. Its inaugural line of 3D XPoint memory products, released later the same year, was code-named Optane.	2015年7月，Intel发布了3D XPoint，一种多平面NVMe数据存储技术。同年晚些时候发布的3D XPoint内存产品的首条生产线代号为Optane。