VTK：图形基本操作进阶——表面重建技术（三维点云曲面重建）

1、点云重建

虽然Delaunay三角部分算法可以实现网格曲面重建，但是其应用主要在二维部分，在三维空间网格生成中遇到了问题。因为在三维点云曲面重建中，Delaunay条件不在满足，不仅基于最大最小判断的对角线准则不成立，而且基于外接圆判据的Delaunay三角化也不能保证网格质量。VTKSurfaceReconstructionFilter则实现一种隐式曲面重建的方法，即将曲面看做一个符号距离函数的等值面，曲面内外的距离值得符号相反，而零等值面即为所求的曲面。该方法需要对点云数据进行网格划分，然后估算每个点的切平面和方向，并以每个点与最近的切平面距离来近似表面距离。这样即可以得到一个符号距离的体数据。这样，我们就可以利用VTKContourFilter来提取零等值面即可得到相应的网络。

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingFreeType);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);

#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataReader.h>
#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkSurfaceReconstructionFilter.h>
#include <vtkContourFilter.h>
#include <vtkVertexGlyphFilter.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkCamera.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>

int main()
{
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataReader> reader =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataReader>::New();
	reader->SetFileName("data/fran_cut.vtk");
	reader->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> points =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
	points->SetPoints(reader->GetOutput()->GetPoints()); //获得网格模型中的几何数据：点集

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkSurfaceReconstructionFilter> surf =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkSurfaceReconstructionFilter>::New();
	surf->SetInputData(points);
	surf->SetNeighborhoodSize(20);
	surf->SetSampleSpacing(0.005);
	surf->Update();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkContourFilter> contour =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkContourFilter>::New();
	contour->SetInputConnection(surf->GetOutputPort());
	contour->SetValue(0, 0.0);
	contour->Update();
	//
	vtkSmartPointer <vtkVertexGlyphFilter> vertexGlyphFilter =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkVertexGlyphFilter>::New();
	vertexGlyphFilter->AddInputData(points);
	vertexGlyphFilter->Update();
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> pointMapper =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
	pointMapper->SetInputData(vertexGlyphFilter->GetOutput());
	pointMapper->ScalarVisibilityOff();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> pointActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
	pointActor->SetMapper(pointMapper);
	pointActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 0);
	pointActor->GetProperty()->SetPointSize(4);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> contourMapper =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
	contourMapper->SetInputData(contour->GetOutput());
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> contourActor =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
	contourActor->SetMapper(contourMapper);
	///
	double pointView[4] = { 0, 0, 0.5, 1 };
	double contourView[4] = { 0.5, 0, 1, 1 };

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> pointRender =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	pointRender->AddActor(pointActor);
	pointRender->SetViewport(pointView);
	pointRender->SetBackground(1, 1, 1);

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> contourRender =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	contourRender->AddActor(contourActor);
	contourRender->SetViewport(contourView);
	contourRender->SetBackground(0, 1, 0);

	pointRender->GetActiveCamera()->SetPosition(0, -1, 0);
	pointRender->GetActiveCamera()->SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0);
	pointRender->GetActiveCamera()->SetViewUp(0, 0, 1);
	pointRender->GetActiveCamera()->Azimuth(30);
	pointRender->GetActiveCamera()->Elevation(30);
	pointRender->ResetCamera();
	contourRender->SetActiveCamera(pointRender->GetActiveCamera());

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> rw =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
	rw->AddRenderer(pointRender);
	rw->AddRenderer(contourRender);
	rw->SetSize(640, 320);
	rw->SetWindowName("3D Surface Reconstruction ");
	rw->Render();

	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> rwi =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
	rwi->SetRenderWindow(rw);
	rwi->Initialize();
	rwi->Start();

	return 0;
}

使用VTKsurfaceReconstructionFilter时，主要涉及两个参数，分别使用函数SetNeighborhoodSize（）和SetSampleSpacing（）进行设置。
SetNeighborhoodSize：设置邻域点的个数；而这些邻域点则用来估计每个点的局部切平面。邻域点的个数默认为20，能够处理大多数重建问题。个数设置越多，计算消耗时间越长。当点云分布严重不均匀情况下，可以考虑增加该值。
SetSampleSpacing：用于设置划分网格的网格间距，间距与小，网格月密集，一般采用默认值0.05.