电子计算器

from tkinter import *
def frame(master):
    # 将共同属性作为默认值，以简化Frame创建过程
    w = Frame(master)
    w.pack(side=TOP,expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
    return w
def btn(master,text,command):
    # 提取共同属性作为默认值，使Button创建过程简化
    w = Button(master,text=text,command=command,width=6)
    w.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill=BOTH,padx=2,pady=2)
    return w
def calc(text_data):
    # 用eval方法计算表达式字符串
    try:
        if (separator_flag.get() == 0):
            return eval(del_separator(text_data))
        else:
            return add_separator(str(eval(del_separator(text_data))))
    except(SyntaxError,ZeroDivisionError,NameError):
        return "Error"
def back(text_data):
    # 将text_data最末的字符删除并返回
    if len(text_data) > 0:
        return text_data[:-1]
    else:
        return text_data
def add_separator(text_data):
    dot_index = text_data.find(".")
    if dot_index > 0:
        text_head = text_data[:dot_index]
        text_tail = text_data[dot_index:]
    elif dot_index < 0:
        text_head = text_data
        text_tail = ""
    else:
        text_head = ""
        text_tail = text_data
    list_ = [char for char in text_head]
    length = len(list_)
    tmp_index = 3
    while length - tmp_index > 0:
        list_.insert(length - tmp_index,",")
        tmp_index += 3
    list_.extend(text_tail)
    new_text = ""
    for char in list_:
        new_text += char
    return new_text
def del_separator(text_data):
    # 删除字符串中所有的千位分隔符
    return text_data.replace(",","")
# 开始界面的实现
init_root = Tk()
init_root.wm_resizable(width=False,height=False)
init_root.title("计算器（calculator）")
main_menus = Menu()
# 创建计算器菜单，并加入到主菜单
calc_menu = Menu(main_menus,tearoff=0)
calc_menu.add_command(label="退出",command=lambda:exit())
main_menus.add_cascade(label="菜单",menu=calc_menu)
text = StringVar()
separator_flag = IntVar()
separator_flag.set(0)
view_menu = Menu(main_menus,tearoff=0)
init_root["menu"] = main_menus # 将主菜单与root绑定
# 创建文本框
Entry(init_root,textvariable=text).pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH,padx=2,pady=4)
# 创建第一行三个按钮
first_line = frame(init_root)
btn(first_line,"回退",lambda t=text:t.set(back(t.get())))
btn(first_line,"清空",lambda t=text:t.set(""))
# 每行四个，创建其余四行按钮
for key in ("789/","456*","123-","0.=+"):
    others = frame(init_root)
    for char in key:
        if char == "=":
            btn(others,char,lambda data=text:data.set(calc(data.get())))
        else:
            btn(others,char,lambda data=text,c=char:data.set(data.get() + c))
if __name__ == "__main__":
    init_root.mainloop()