这篇文章记录一下W25Q64 FLASH的调试,实现数据写入和读取。
一、W25Q64 介绍
W25Q64是一种常见的串行闪存存储器,由Winbond公司生产。它的容量为64兆比特(8兆字节),采用SPI接口进行通信。
W25Q64主要特点包括:
1、容量大:W25Q64具有64兆比特(8兆字节)的存储容量,可以存储大量数据。
2、串行接口:W25Q64使用SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)接口进行通信,它由四条线组成:时钟线(SCK)、数据输入线(MOSI)、数据输出线(MISO)和片选线(CS)。支持SPI模式0和模式3。在SPI模式0中,数据在时钟的下降沿采样,在上升沿传输;而在SPI模式3中,数据在时钟的上升沿采样,在下降沿传输。这两种模式的时序图可以在W25Q64的数据手册中找到。
3、高速读写:W25Q64的串行闪存存储器支持高速读取和写入操作,可达到快速的数据传输速度。
4、扇区擦除:W25Q64的存储空间被划分为多个扇区,每个扇区大小为4KB。可以通过扇区擦除来更新存储的数据,每次可以按16页(1个扇区)、128页(32KB块)、256页(64KB块)和全片进行擦除。
5、低功耗:W25Q64具有低功耗特性,在待机模式下能够降低功耗,延长电池寿命。
6、W25Q64的内存空间结构:256字节为一页,16页为一个扇区,16个扇区为1块,共有128个块。
以上关于W25Q64的介绍引用于:博客原文
二、STM32CubeMX配置
1、RCC开启外部高速时钟(略)
2、配置STLink调试口(略)
3、配置串口方便调试输出(略)
4、配置工程名、生成路径,之后生成工程(略)
(1-4步的基础配置可以参考前面的文章《STM32基础工程模板创建》)
5、SPI配置
6、其他GPIO配置(CS片选引脚配置)
三、代码编写
1、添加W25Q64驱动代码
(1)W25Qxx.h
#ifndef __W25Qxx_H
#define __W25Qxx_H
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "spi.h"
#define W25Q128FV_FLASH_SIZE 0x1000000 /* 128 MBits => 16MBytes */
#define W25Q128FV_SECTOR_SIZE 0x10000 /* 256 sectors of 64KBytes */
#define W25Q128FV_SUBSECTOR_SIZE 0x1000 /* 4096 subsectors of 4kBytes */
#define W25Q128FV_PAGE_SIZE 0x100 /* 65536 pages of 256 bytes */
#define W25Q128FV_DUMMY_CYCLES_READ 4
#define W25Q128FV_DUMMY_CYCLES_READ_QUAD 10
#define W25Q128FV_BULK_ERASE_MAX_TIME 250000
#define W25Q128FV_SECTOR_ERASE_MAX_TIME 3000
#define W25Q128FV_SUBSECTOR_ERASE_MAX_TIME 800
#define W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE 1000
/* Reset Operations */
#define RESET_ENABLE_CMD 0x66
#define RESET_MEMORY_CMD 0x99
#define ENTER_QPI_MODE_CMD 0x38
#define EXIT_QPI_MODE_CMD 0xFF
/* Identification Operations */
#define READ_ID_CMD 0x90
#define DUAL_READ_ID_CMD 0x92
#define QUAD_READ_ID_CMD 0x94
#define READ_JEDEC_ID_CMD 0x9F
/* Read Operations */
#define READ_CMD 0x03
#define FAST_READ_CMD 0x0B
#define DUAL_OUT_FAST_READ_CMD 0x3B
#define DUAL_INOUT_FAST_READ_CMD 0xBB
#define QUAD_OUT_FAST_READ_CMD 0x6B
#define QUAD_INOUT_FAST_READ_CMD 0xEB
/* Write Operations */
#define WRITE_ENABLE_CMD 0x06
#define WRITE_DISABLE_CMD 0x04
/* Register Operations */
#define READ_STATUS_REG1_CMD 0x05
#define READ_STATUS_REG2_CMD 0x35
#define READ_STATUS_REG3_CMD 0x15
#define WRITE_STATUS_REG1_CMD 0x01
#define WRITE_STATUS_REG2_CMD 0x31
#define WRITE_STATUS_REG3_CMD 0x11
/* Program Operations */
#define PAGE_PROG_CMD 0x02
#define QUAD_INPUT_PAGE_PROG_CMD 0x32
/* Erase Operations */
#define SECTOR_ERASE_CMD 0x20
#define BLOCK_ERASE_CMD 0xD8
#define CHIP_ERASE_CMD 0xC7
#define PROG_ERASE_RESUME_CMD 0x7A
#define PROG_ERASE_SUSPEND_CMD 0x75
/* Flag Status Register */
#define W25Q128FV_FSR_BUSY ((uint8_t)0x01) /*!< busy */
#define W25Q128FV_FSR_WREN ((uint8_t)0x02) /*!< write enable */
#define W25Q128FV_FSR_QE ((uint8_t)0x02) /*!< quad enable */
#define W25Qx_Enable() HAL_GPIO_WritePin(W25QXX_CS_GPIO_Port, W25QXX_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define W25Qx_Disable() HAL_GPIO_WritePin(W25QXX_CS_GPIO_Port, W25QXX_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define W25Qx_OK ((uint8_t)0x00)
#define W25Qx_ERROR ((uint8_t)0x01)
#define W25Qx_BUSY ((uint8_t)0x02)
#define W25Qx_TIMEOUT ((uint8_t)0x03)
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Init(void);
static void BSP_W25Qx_Reset(void);
static uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus(void);
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_WriteEnable(void);
void BSP_W25Qx_Read_ID(uint8_t *ID);
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Read(uint8_t* pData, uint32_t ReadAddr, uint32_t Size);
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Write(uint8_t* pData, uint32_t WriteAddr, uint32_t Size);
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Sector(uint32_t Address);
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Block(uint32_t Address);
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Chip(void);
#endif
(2)W25Qxx.c
#include "W25Qxx.h"
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 模块初始化
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Init(void)
{
BSP_W25Qx_Reset();
return BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus();
}
static void BSP_W25Qx_Reset(void)
{
uint8_t cmd[2] = {RESET_ENABLE_CMD,RESET_MEMORY_CMD};
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the reset command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 2, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
W25Qx_Disable();
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 获取设备状态
*/
static uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus(void)
{
uint8_t cmd[] = {READ_STATUS_REG1_CMD};
uint8_t status;
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read status command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 1, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/* Reception of the data */
HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1,&status, 1, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
W25Qx_Disable();
/* Check the value of the register */
if((status & W25Q128FV_FSR_BUSY) != 0)
{
return W25Qx_BUSY;
}
else
{
return W25Qx_OK;
}
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 写使能
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_WriteEnable(void)
{
uint8_t cmd[] = {WRITE_ENABLE_CMD};
uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/*Select the FLASH: Chip Select low */
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read ID command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 1, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/*Deselect the FLASH: Chip Select high */
W25Qx_Disable();
/* Wait the end of Flash writing */
while(BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus() == W25Qx_BUSY);
{
/* Check for the Timeout */
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) > W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return W25Qx_TIMEOUT;
}
}
return W25Qx_OK;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 获取设备ID
*/
void BSP_W25Qx_Read_ID(uint8_t *ID)
{
uint8_t cmd[4] = {READ_ID_CMD,0x00,0x00,0x00};
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read ID command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 4, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/* Reception of the data */
HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1,ID, 2, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
W25Qx_Disable();
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 读数据
* 输入参数: 缓存数组指针、读地址、字节数
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Read(uint8_t* pData, uint32_t ReadAddr, uint32_t Size)
{
uint8_t cmd[4];
/* Configure the command */
cmd[0] = READ_CMD;
cmd[1] = (uint8_t)(ReadAddr >> 16);
cmd[2] = (uint8_t)(ReadAddr >> 8);
cmd[3] = (uint8_t)(ReadAddr);
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read ID command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 4, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/* Reception of the data */
if (HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1, pData,Size,W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE) != HAL_OK)
{
return W25Qx_ERROR;
}
W25Qx_Disable();
return W25Qx_OK;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 写数据
* 输入参数: 缓存数组指针、写地址、字节数
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Write(uint8_t* pData, uint32_t WriteAddr, uint32_t Size)
{
uint8_t cmd[4];
uint32_t end_addr, current_size, current_addr;
uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
/* Calculation of the size between the write address and the end of the page */
current_addr = 0;
while (current_addr <= WriteAddr)
{
current_addr += W25Q128FV_PAGE_SIZE;
}
current_size = current_addr - WriteAddr;
/* Check if the size of the data is less than the remaining place in the page */
if (current_size > Size)
{
current_size = Size;
}
/* Initialize the adress variables */
current_addr = WriteAddr;
end_addr = WriteAddr + Size;
/* Perform the write page by page */
do
{
/* Configure the command */
cmd[0] = PAGE_PROG_CMD;
cmd[1] = (uint8_t)(current_addr >> 16);
cmd[2] = (uint8_t)(current_addr >> 8);
cmd[3] = (uint8_t)(current_addr);
/* Enable write operations */
BSP_W25Qx_WriteEnable();
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the command */
if (HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1,cmd, 4, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE) != HAL_OK)
{
return W25Qx_ERROR;
}
/* Transmission of the data */
if (HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, pData,current_size, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE) != HAL_OK)
{
return W25Qx_ERROR;
}
W25Qx_Disable();
/* Wait the end of Flash writing */
while(BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus() == W25Qx_BUSY);
{
/* Check for the Timeout */
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) > W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
{
return W25Qx_TIMEOUT;
}
}
/* Update the address and size variables for next page programming */
current_addr += current_size;
pData += current_size;
current_size = ((current_addr + W25Q128FV_PAGE_SIZE) > end_addr) ? (end_addr - current_addr) : W25Q128FV_PAGE_SIZE;
} while (current_addr < end_addr);
return W25Qx_OK;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 扇区擦除
* 输入参数: 地址
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Sector(uint32_t Address)
{
uint8_t cmd[4];
uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
cmd[0] = SECTOR_ERASE_CMD;
cmd[1] = (uint8_t)(Address >> 16);
cmd[2] = (uint8_t)(Address >> 8);
cmd[3] = (uint8_t)(Address);
/* Enable write operations */
BSP_W25Qx_WriteEnable();
/*Select the FLASH: Chip Select low */
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read ID command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 4, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/*Deselect the FLASH: Chip Select high */
W25Qx_Disable();
/* Wait the end of Flash writing */
while(BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus() == W25Qx_BUSY);
{
/* Check for the Timeout */
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) > W25Q128FV_SECTOR_ERASE_MAX_TIME)
{
return W25Qx_TIMEOUT;
}
}
return W25Qx_OK;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 块擦除
* 输入参数: 地址
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Block(uint32_t Address)
{
uint8_t cmd[4];
uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
cmd[0] = BLOCK_ERASE_CMD;
cmd[1] = (uint8_t)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
cmd[2] = (uint8_t)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
cmd[3] = (uint8_t)((Address & 0xFF));
/* Enable write operations */
BSP_W25Qx_WriteEnable();
/*Select the FLASH: Chip Select low */
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read ID command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 4, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/*Deselect the FLASH: Chip Select high */
W25Qx_Disable();
/* Wait the end of Flash writing */
while(BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus() == W25Qx_BUSY);
{
/* Check for the Timeout */
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) > W25Q128FV_SECTOR_ERASE_MAX_TIME)
{
return W25Qx_TIMEOUT;
}
}
return W25Qx_OK;
}
/**********************************************************************************
* 函数功能: 芯片擦除
*/
uint8_t BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Chip(void)
{
uint8_t cmd[4];
uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
cmd[0] = CHIP_ERASE_CMD;
/* Enable write operations */
BSP_W25Qx_WriteEnable();
/*Select the FLASH: Chip Select low */
W25Qx_Enable();
/* Send the read ID command */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, cmd, 1, W25Qx_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
/*Deselect the FLASH: Chip Select high */
W25Qx_Disable();
/* Wait the end of Flash writing */
while(BSP_W25Qx_GetStatus() != W25Qx_BUSY);
{
/* Check for the Timeout */
if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) > W25Q128FV_BULK_ERASE_MAX_TIME)
{
return W25Qx_TIMEOUT;
}
}
return W25Qx_OK;
}
2、修改main.c
/* 添加头文件 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include "W25Qxx.h"
int main(void)
{
uint8_t i = 0;
uint8_t wData[5] = {1,2,3,4,5}; //写缓存数组
uint8_t rData[5] = {0}; //读缓存数组
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
MX_SPI1_Init();
BSP_W25Qx_Init(); //W25Q64初始化
/* 擦除扇区0 */
BSP_W25Qx_Erase_Sector(0);
/* 写数据 */
BSP_W25Qx_Write(wData,0,5);
/* 读数据 */
BSP_W25Qx_Read(rData,0,5);
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("0x%0x ", rData[i]);
}
printf("\r\n");
while (1)
{
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
}
四、硬件连接
STM32 | W25Q64 |
---|---|
3.3V | VCC |
PA4 | CS |
PA6 | DO |
GND | GND |
PA5 | SCK |
PA7 | DI |
五、运行效果
STM32上电初始化时将数据写入W25Q64,之后读出并打印。