C#类：封装，继承，多态

图形类：基类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp2017
{
    //形状类
    public abstract class Shape
    {
        //形状名称
        public string ShapeName { get; private set; }
        public Shape(string shapeName)
        {
            ShapeName=shapeName;
        }
        //输出周长
        public virtual void PrintPerimeter(double perimeter)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ShapeName+" Perimeter: " + perimeter);
        }
        //输出面积
        public virtual void PrintArea(double area)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ShapeName+" Area: "+area);
        }
        //计算周长
        public abstract double JsPerimeter();
        //计算面积
        public abstract double JsArea();
        //
    }
}

圆形、正方形类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp2017
{
    //圆类
    class Circle : Shape
    {
        //圆的半径
        public double R { get; set; }
        public Circle() : base("Circle")
        {
            this.R = 0;
        }
        //圆的周长
        public override double JsPerimeter()
        {
            return 2 * Math.PI * R;
        }
        //圆的面积
        public override double JsArea()
        {
            return Math.PI * R * R;
        }
    }

    //长方形类
    class Rectangle : Shape
    {
        //长方形的长和宽
        public double Width { get; set; }
        public double Height { get; set; }
        public Rectangle() : base("Rectangle")
        {
            Width = 0;
            this.Height = 0;
        }
        //长方形的周长
        public override double JsPerimeter()
        {
            return (Width+Height)*2;
        }
        //长方形的面积
        public override double JsArea()
        {
            return Width*Height;
        }
    }
}

使用图形类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp2017
{
    class UseClass
    {
        public void UseShape()
        {
            //实例化一个圆：
            Circle circle = new Circle();  //生成一个半径为0的圆
            circle.R = 20;
            //实例化一个长方形：
            Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(); //生成一个长宽为0的长方形
            rectangle.Width = 20;
            rectangle.Height = 30;
            //把子类赋给父类，能更好的体现多态性
            IList<Shape> shapes = new List<Shape>();
            shapes.Add(circle);
            shapes.Add(rectangle);
            //遍历图形
            foreach (var shape in shapes)
            {
                shape.PrintPerimeter(shape.JsPerimeter());
                shape.PrintArea(shape.JsArea());
            }
        }

    }
}

main入口

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp2017
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            UseClass useClass = new UseClass();
            useClass.UseShape();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}