OPCUA客户端Application配置与连接服务端

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前言

OPC全称是OLE（Object Linking and Embedding） for Process Control。为了便于自动化行业不同厂家的设备和应用程序能相互交换数据，定义了一个统一的接口函数，就是OPC协议规范。OPC是基于WINDOWS COM/DOM的技术，可以使用统一的方式去访问不同设备厂商的产品数据。简单来说OPC就是为了用于设备和软件之间交换数据。
UA全称是unified architecture（统一架构）。为了应对标准化和跨平台的趋势，为了更好地推广OPC，OPC基金会近些年在之前OPC成功应用的基础上推出了一个新的OPC标准-OPC UA。OPC UA接口协议包含了之前的 A&E, DA,OPC XML DA or HDA，只使用一个地址空间就能访问之前所有的对象，而且不受WINDOWS平台限制，因为它是从传输层以上来定义的，导致了灵活性和安全性比之前的OPC都提升了。
OPC UA实质上是一种抽象的框架，是一个多层架构，其中的每一层完全是从其相邻层抽象而来。这些层定义了线路上的各种通信协议，以及能否安全地编码/解码包含有数据、数据类型定义等内容的讯息。利用这一核心服务和数据类型框架，人们可以在其基础上（继承）轻松添加更多功能。

OPC UA将成为一个转换工具。其它协议/标准（如BACnet）可以非常轻松地转换为OPC UA内的一个子集。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、OPCUA客户端初始化

在工程项目里引用OPCUA相关库，如下图所示：

OPCUA客户端初始化构建 ApplicationInstance和 ApplicationConfiguration，代码示例如下：

       #region Private Fields
        private ApplicationInstance application;           //进程
        private ApplicationConfiguration m_configuration;  //配置信息
        private Session m_session;
        private bool m_IsConnected;                       //是否已经连接过
        private int m_reconnectPeriod = 10;               // 重连状态
        private bool m_useSecurity;
        private EndpointDescription endpointDescription;
        private SessionReconnectHandler m_reconnectHandler;
        private EventHandler m_ReconnectComplete;
        private EventHandler m_ReconnectStarting;
        private EventHandler m_KeepAliveComplete;
        private EventHandler<string[]> m_ConnectComplete;
        private EventHandler<OpcUaStatusEventArgs> m_OpcStatusChange;

        private Dictionary<string, Subscription> dic_subscriptions;        // 订阅的节点信息
        #endregion
        /// <summary>
        /// 默认构造
        /// </summary>
        public OPCUAClient()
        {
            dic_subscriptions = new Dictionary<string, Subscription>();

            var certificateValidator = new CertificateValidator();
            certificateValidator.CertificateValidation += (sender, eventArgs) =>
            {
                if (ServiceResult.IsGood(eventArgs.Error))
                    eventArgs.Accept = true;
                else if (eventArgs.Error.StatusCode.Code == StatusCodes.BadCertificateUntrusted)
                    eventArgs.Accept = true;
                else
                    throw new Exception(string.Format("Failed", eventArgs.Error.Code, eventArgs.Error.AdditionalInfo));
            };

            SecurityConfiguration securityConfigurationcv = new SecurityConfiguration
            {
                AutoAcceptUntrustedCertificates = true,
                RejectSHA1SignedCertificates = false,
                MinimumCertificateKeySize = 1024,
            };
            certificateValidator.Update(securityConfigurationcv);

            // Build the application configuration
            application = new ApplicationInstance
            {
                ApplicationType = ApplicationType.Client,
                ConfigSectionName = OpcUaName,
                ApplicationConfiguration = new ApplicationConfiguration
                {
                    ApplicationUri = "",
                    ApplicationName = OpcUaName,
                    ApplicationType = ApplicationType.Client,
                    CertificateValidator = certificateValidator,
                    ServerConfiguration = new ServerConfiguration
                    {
                        MaxSubscriptionCount = 10000,
                        MaxMessageQueueSize = 10000,
                        MaxNotificationQueueSize = 10000,
                        MaxPublishRequestCount = 10000
                    },
                    SecurityConfiguration = new SecurityConfiguration
                    {
                        AutoAcceptUntrustedCertificates = true,
                    },
                    TransportQuotas = new TransportQuotas
                    {
                        OperationTimeout = 600000,
                        MaxStringLength = 1048576,
                        MaxByteStringLength = 1048576,
                        MaxArrayLength = 65535,
                        MaxMessageSize = 4194304,
                        MaxBufferSize = 65535,
                        ChannelLifetime = 600000,
                        SecurityTokenLifetime = 3600000
                    },
                    ClientConfiguration = new ClientConfiguration
                    {
                        DefaultSessionTimeout = 60000,
                        MinSubscriptionLifetime = 10000
                    },
                    DisableHiResClock = true
                }
            };
            m_configuration = application.ApplicationConfiguration;
        }

二、与服务端建立连接

1、登录

OPCUA包含访客登录、用户名和密码登录以及安全证书登录三种方式。
代码如下（示例）：

/// <summary>
        /// 访客登录
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool GuestLogin()
        {
            try
            {
                UserIdentity uid = new UserIdentity(new AnonymousIdentityToken());
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 用户密码登录
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="UserName"></param>
        /// <param name="PassWord"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool UserIdentityLogin(string UserName,string PassWord)
        {
            try
            {
                UserIdentity uid = new UserIdentity(UserName, PassWord);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 证书登录
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="CertificateFileName"></param>
        /// <param name="PassWord"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool CertificateLogin(string CertificateFileName,string PassWord)
        {
            try
            {
                X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2(CertificateFileName, PassWord, X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
                UserIdentity uid = new UserIdentity(certificate);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

2、建立连接

与服务端连接时需要服务端指定的URL
代码如下（示例）：

  /// <summary>
        /// 创建一个新session.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>URL</returns>
        private async Task<Session> Connect(string serverUrl)
        {
            Disconnect();

            if (m_configuration == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("m_configuration");
            }

            // 通过连接地址选择 endpoint.
            endpointDescription = CoreClientUtils.SelectEndpoint(serverUrl, UseSecurity);

            EndpointConfiguration endpointConfiguration = EndpointConfiguration.Create(m_configuration);
            ConfiguredEndpoint endpoint = new ConfiguredEndpoint(null, endpointDescription, endpointConfiguration);

            m_session = await Session.Create(
                m_configuration,
                endpoint,
                false,
                false,
                (string.IsNullOrEmpty(OpcUaName)) ? m_configuration.ApplicationName : OpcUaName,
                60000,
                UserIdentity,
                new string[] { });

            // 保持连接
            m_session.KeepAlive += new KeepAliveEventHandler(Session_KeepAlive);

            // 更新客户端状态
            m_IsConnected = true;
            // 触发连接完成事件
            DoConnectComplete(null, new string[] { m_session.ConfiguredEndpoint.Description.Server.ApplicationName.ToString(),
                m_session.ConfiguredEndpoint.Description.SecurityMode.ToString(),
            m_session.ConfiguredEndpoint.Description.SecurityPolicyUri,m_session.ConfiguredEndpoint.Description.EndpointUrl});
            // return the new session.
            return m_session;
        }