装饰模式-你猜我到底有多少种能力

什么是装饰模式

动态地给一个类添加一些额外的职责，就拿添加功能来说，装饰模式比生成子类更为灵活

UML图

图片来自网络

优缺点分析

优点：
1、将类的核心职责与装饰功能分开
2、客户端代码可以有选择，有层次的使用装饰功能来包装对象
3、减少类的复杂性
缺点：
1、容易产生很多细粒度对象

与策略模式对比

策略模式改变的是对象的核心，装饰模式改变的是对象的外壳。
策略模式是一层调用，装饰模式可以递归调用。

小测验

UML图

采用装饰模式完成奖金的分发，对于奖金的计算，使用策略模式实现奖金计算。
代码实现：

package salary;

public abstract class SalaryComponent {
    protected double sum;
    public abstract void computeSalary();
}

package salary;

public class Staff extends SalaryComponent{
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    public Staff(String name,double salary ){
        this.name = name;
        sum = 0;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public void computeSalary() {
        System.out.println(name+"的总奖金为"+sum);
        System.out.println("个人月工资" + salary);
    }
}

package salary;

public class ExecutiveStaff extends SalaryComponent{
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    public ExecutiveStaff(String name,double salary ){
        this.name = name;
        sum = 0;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public void computeSalary() {
        System.out.println(name+"的总奖金为"+sum);
        System.out.println("个人工资为"+salary);
    }
}

package salary;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class Bonus extends SalaryComponent{
    protected SalaryComponent component;
    protected double bonus;
    protected  Strategy strategy;
    public Bonus(double bonus,String strategy) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
        try {
            this.strategy=(Strategy) Class.forName("salary."+strategy).getConstructor(Bonus.class).newInstance(this);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public double getBonus() {
        return bonus;
    }

    public void setBonus(double bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    @Override
    public void computeSalary() {
        strategy.computeBonus();
        component.sum+=sum;
        component.computeSalary();
    }
}

package salary;

public class CumulateBonus extends Bonus{
    public CumulateBonus(double bonus, SalaryComponent component,String strategy) {

        super(bonus,strategy);
        this.component = component;
    }


}

package salary;

public class MonthBonus extends Bonus{
    public MonthBonus(double bonus,SalaryComponent component,String strategy) {
        super(bonus,strategy);
        this.component = component;
    }

}

package salary;

public class TeamBonus extends Bonus{
    public TeamBonus(double bonus, SalaryComponent component,String strategy) {
        super(bonus,strategy);
        this.component = component;
    }

}

package salary;

public class 回款奖金 extends Bonus {
    public 回款奖金(double bonus,SalaryComponent component,String strategy) {
        super(bonus,strategy);
        this.component = component;
    }

}

package salary;

public abstract class Strategy {
    protected Bonus bonus;
    public abstract void computeBonus();
}

package salary;

public class CumulateBonusS1 extends Strategy{
    public CumulateBonusS1(Bonus bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    @Override
    public void computeBonus() {
        bonus.setBonus(bonus.bonus*1);
        bonus.sum+=bonus.bonus;
        System.out.println("累计奖金为"+bonus.bonus);
    }
}

package salary;

public class MonthBonusS1 extends Strategy{
    public MonthBonusS1(Bonus bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    @Override
    public void computeBonus() {
        bonus.setBonus(bonus.bonus*1);
        bonus.sum+=bonus.bonus;
        System.out.println("月奖金为"+bonus.bonus);

    }
}

package salary;

public class TeamBonusS1 extends Strategy{
    public TeamBonusS1(Bonus bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;

    }

    @Override
    public void computeBonus() {
        bonus.bonus = bonus.bonus*1;
        bonus.sum+=bonus.bonus;
        System.out.println("团队奖金为"+bonus.bonus);

    }
}

package salary;

public class 回款奖金S1 extends  Strategy{
    public 回款奖金S1(Bonus bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    @Override
    public void computeBonus() {
        bonus.bonus= bonus.bonus*1;
        bonus.sum+=bonus.bonus;
        System.out.println("限时回款奖金为"+bonus.bonus);

    }
}

测试类：

package salary;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Staff liu = new Staff("mr.liu",1000);
        ExecutiveStaff liu2 = new ExecutiveStaff("mr.liu",10000);
        MonthBonus monthBonus = new MonthBonus(1000,liu,"MonthBonusS1");
        CumulateBonus cumulateBonus = new CumulateBonus(1000,monthBonus,"CumulateBonusS1");
        回款奖金 bonus = new 回款奖金(1000,cumulateBonus,"回款奖金S1");
        bonus.computeSalary();
        System.out.println();
        monthBonus = new MonthBonus(1000,liu2,"MonthBonusS1");
        cumulateBonus = new CumulateBonus(1000,monthBonus,"CumulateBonusS1");
        bonus = new 回款奖金(1000,cumulateBonus,"回款奖金S1");
        TeamBonus teamBonus = new TeamBonus(1000,bonus,"TeamBonusS1");
        teamBonus.computeSalary();
    }

}

测试结果：

限时回款奖金为1000.0
累计奖金为1000.0
月奖金为1000.0
mr.liu的总奖金为3000.0
个人月工资1000.0

团队奖金为1000.0
限时回款奖金为1000.0
累计奖金为1000.0
月奖金为1000.0
mr.liu的总奖金为4000.0
个人工资为10000.0

进程已结束，退出代码为 0