IOC&DI注解

chong23187

已于 2023-11-20 18:38:41 修改

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文章标签： java spring

于 2023-11-20 18:37:46 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51709573/article/details/134500186

版权

本文介绍了如何在Spring框架中使用@Autowired和@Resource注解进行依赖注入，以及如何修改XML配置文件，从使用xml引用到注解方式。还涉及了@Component注解的使用和将配置从XML转移到组件扫描。

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IOC&DI注解

修改applicationContext.xml
- 原来的xml文件
- 修改后的xml文件
修改Product.java
Bean的注解
- 修改applicationContext.xml
- @Component
参考博文

修改applicationContext.xml

原来的xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
  
    <bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category">
        <property name="name" value="category 1" />
    </bean>
    <bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product">
        <property name="name" value="product1" />
        <property name="category" ref="c" />
    </bean>
  
</beans>

修改后的xml文件

添加
<context:annotation-config/>
注入对象代码去除
<property name="category" ref="c" />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
  
    <context:annotation-config/>
    <bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category">
        <property name="name" value="category 1" />
    </bean>
    <bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product">
        <property name="name" value="product1" />
    </bean>
  
</beans>

修改Product.java

@Autowired

在Product.java的category属性前加上@Autowired注解
@Autowired
private Category category;

package com.how2java.pojo;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
public class Product {
 
    private int id;
    private String name;
    @Autowired
    private Category category;
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Category getCategory() {
        return category;
    }
 
    public void setCategory(Category category) {
        this.category = category;
    }
}

@Autowired的位置

除了前面的在属性前加上@Autowired 这种方式外，也可以在setCategory方法前加上@Autowired，这样来达到相同的效果

package com.how2java.pojo;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
public class Product {
 
    private int id;
    private String name;
     
    private Category category;
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Category getCategory() {
        return category;
    }
    @Autowired
    public void setCategory(Category category) {
        this.category = category;
    }
}

@Resource

除了@Autowired之外，@Resource也是常用的手段
@Resource(name=“c”)
private Category category;

package com.how2java.pojo;
 
import javax.annotation.Resource;
 
public class Product {
 
    private int id;
    private String name;
    @Resource(name="c")
    private Category category;
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Category getCategory() {
        return category;
    }
     
    public void setCategory(Category category) {
        this.category = category;
    }
}

Bean的注解

修改applicationContext.xml

修改applicationContext.xml，什么都去掉，只新增：
<context:component-scan base-package=“com.how2java.pojo”/>

其作用是告诉Spring，bean都放在com.how2java.pojo这个包下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.pojo"/>
     
</beans>

@Component

为Product类加上@Component注解，即表明此类是bean
@Component(“p”)
public class Product {

为Category 类加上@Component注解，即表明此类是bean
@Component(“c”)
public class Category {

另外，因为配置从applicationContext.xml中移出来了，所以属性初始化放在属性声明上进行了。
private String name=“product 1”;
private String name=“category 1”;

Product.java

package com.how2java.pojo;  
import javax.annotation.Resource;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;   

@Component("p") 
public class Product {
    private int id;
    private String name="product 1";
     
    @Autowired
    private Category category;
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Category getCategory() {
        return category;
    }
     
    public void setCategory(Category category) {
        this.category = category;
    } }

Category.java

package com.how2java.pojo;   
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;   
@Component("c") 
public class Category {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    private int id;
    private String name="category 1"; }

TestSpring.java

package com.how2java.test;   
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;  
import com.how2java.pojo.Product;   
public class TestSpring {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml"
});
        Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p");
        System.out.println(p.getName());
        System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName());
    } }