C++类型兼容规则与多态

一.类型兼容规则举例：通过派生类指针调用多态函数，实际上调用是基态的函数。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
	virtual void fun1()
	{
		cout << "Base::fun1()" << endl;
	}
	virtual ~Base(){ }
};

class Derived1 :public Base
{
public:
	/*virtual*/ void fun1()
	{
		cout << "Derived1::fun1()" << endl;
	}
	/*virtual*/ void fun2()
	{
		cout << "Derived1::fun2()" << endl;
	}
};

class Derived2 :public Derived1
{
public:
	/*virtual*/ void  fun1()
	{
		cout << "Derived2::fun1()" << endl;
	}
	/*virtual*/ void  fun2()
	{
		cout << "Derived2::fun2()" << endl;
	}
};
void fun(Base *pb)
{
	pb->fun1();
	Derived1 *pd = dynamic_cast<Derived1 *>(pb);
	if (pd) 
		pd->fun2();
}

int main()
{
	Base b;
	fun(&b);

	Derived1 d1;
	fun(&d1);

	Derived2 d2;
	fun(&d2);

	return 0;
}

运行结果：
Base::fun1()
Derived1::fun1()
Derived1::fun2()
Derived2::fun1()
Derived1::fun2()
//此处运行结果第五条很好地体现了这一规则。
二，将上面的程序稍加改动：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
	virtual void fun1()
	{
		cout << "Base::fun1()" << endl;
	}
	virtual ~Base(){ }
};

class Derived1 :public Base
{
public:
	virtual void fun1()
	{
		cout << "Derived1::fun1()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void fun2()
	{
		cout << "Derived1::fun2()" << endl;
	}
};

class Derived2 :public Derived1
{
public:
	virtual void  fun1()
	{
		cout << "Derived2::fun1()" << endl;
	}
	virtual void  fun2()
	{
		cout << "Derived2::fun2()" << endl;
	}
};
void fun(Base *pb)
{
	pb->fun1();
	Derived1 *pd = dynamic_cast<Derived1 *>(pb);
	if (pd) 
		pd->fun2();
}

int main()
{
	Base b;
	fun(&b);

	Derived1 d1;
	fun(&d1);

	Derived2 d2;
	fun(&d2);

	return 0;
}

运行结果：
Base::fun1()
Derived1::fun1()
Derived1::fun2()
Derived2::fun1()
Derived2::fun2()
//此处第五条，调用的是基类Derived1的指针，但是由于Derived1指针所指向的对象是Derived2型的，由于多态性，调用派生类的函数而非子类函数。