JAVA网络编程
InetAddress 类 (IP类)
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
//System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
//System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress()); //ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName()) ; //域名或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
cmd命令
netstat -ano #查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口
tasklist | findstr "5900" # 查看进程 + 端口 + 内存等
InetSocketAddress类
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName()); //地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort()); //端口
}
}
TCP实现聊天(传输控制协议)
服务器端
- 根据服务端口建立服务套接字 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 Socket
- 接受用户的消息
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
//1.需要一个地址
try {
//新建一个服务器端套接字(通过端口号)
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端消息
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1)
{
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null)
{
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inputStream!=null)
{
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null)
{
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null)
{
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
客户端
- 根据客户端的IP地址和端口号连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
try {
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.通过服务器IP地址、应用程序端口号,创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好,我是陆源东".getBytes());
outputStream.close();
socket.close();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
TCP实现文件上传
服务器端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务
try {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1)
{
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //长度
}
//通知客户端接收完毕
socket.getOutputStream().write("我接收完毕了,可以断开连接".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
try {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\mail-Java\\src\\img.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1)
{
os.write(buffer,0,len); //长度
}
//通知服务器: 我已经传输完了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes2 = new byte[2048];
int len2 ;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1)
{
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP消息发送(用户数据报协议)
UDP数据传输不需要区分客户端与服务器端,只针对用户数据包进行传输。
发送端
//在发送端,发送的目的地放在数据包里面,不在socket
public class UdpSendDemo01{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try{
//1.建立一个UDP的DatagramSocket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建立一个用户数据包 DatagramPacket
//发送什么内容?
String msg = "你好啊。服务器";
//发给谁? 通过InetAddress(IP地址)和port端口号来确定
InetAddress loaclhost = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9000;
DatagramPacket datagramPacket =
new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length.localhost,port);
//3.建立好了数据包之后,就发送出去
socket.send(datagramPacket);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
接收方
//在接收端,socket
public class UdpReceiveDemo01{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try{
//1.建立一个DatagramSocket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
//2.接收数据包(通过DatagramPacket)
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
//接收数据
socket.receive(packet); //数据会直接被写入packet中
//输出数据内容
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//3.关闭流
socket.close;
}catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP实现聊天(单向)
发送方
public class UdpSendDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//相互传输数据,因此都需要知道
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true)
{
String data = reader.readLine();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(),0,data.length(),InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),6666);
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye"))
{
break;
}
}
reader.close();
socket.close();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
接收方
public class UdpReceiveDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
/*BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String data = reader.readLine();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(),0,data.length(), InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),8888);*/
//准备接收包
byte[] container = new byte[2048];
while(true)
{
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 , 接收到bye
byte[] data= packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye"))
{
break;
}
}
socket.close();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
使用多线程进行双向通信
UDP消息发送工具类
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort; //本地端口号
private String toIP; //接收端ip地址
private int toPort; //接收端端口号
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
this.socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
this.reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
{
try{
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye"))
{
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP消息接收工具类
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private String msgFrom;
private int port;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom)
{
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
{
try {
//准备接收数据包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye"))
{
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
通信方1和2
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL下载网络资源
URL(统一资源定位符) : 定位资源的,定位互联网上的某个资源
组成结构 :
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
http://localhost:8080/helloworle/index.jsp
可以使用URL类来对URL进行操作
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/hellworld/index.jsp");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口号
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件地址
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//文件全路径
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
使用URL下载网络资源(qq音乐网页扒歌)
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.下载地址
try {
URL url = new URL("http://dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C40000136uPz3RgR3W.m4a?guid=4026009763&vkey=83524C23D2361AC30986B9E56E5B713E020210F354178FEC19EE0416BF29CC042579B9CB4A257028F4184CFBFA50FD2F4C38BDD1014A20B2&uin=&fromtag=66");
//2.连接到这个资源HTTP url.openConnection 打开HTTP连接 HttpURLConnection
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("2.mp3");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len ;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1)
{
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}