STM32F103ZETx_FLASH.ld 解析

STM32F103ZETx_FLASH.ld 是一个链接脚本文件，用于描述 STM32F103ZETx 微控制器的内存布局和链接过程。

/*
******************************************************************************
**

**  File        : LinkerScript.ld
**
**  Author		: Auto-generated by System Workbench for STM32
**
**  Abstract    : Linker script for STM32F103ZETx series
**                512Kbytes FLASH and 64Kbytes RAM
**
**                Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
**                to application requirements.
**
**                Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.
**
**  Target      : STMicroelectronics STM32
**
**  Distribution: The file is distributed “as is,” without any warranty
**                of any kind.
**
*****************************************************************************
** @attention
**
** <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT(c) 2019 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
**
** Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
** are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
**   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
**      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
**   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
**      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
**      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
**   3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
**      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
**      without specific prior written permission.
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
** AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
** IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
** DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
** FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
** DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
** SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
** CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
** OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
**
*****************************************************************************
*/

/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20010000;    /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200;      /* required amount of heap  */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */

/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
RAM (xrw)      : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 64K
FLASH (rx)      : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 512K
}

/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
  .isr_vector :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
  .text :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */
    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */
    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */
    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */
    *(.eh_frame)

    KEEP (*(.init))
    KEEP (*(.fini))

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */
  } >FLASH

  /* Constant data goes into FLASH */
  .rodata :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

  .ARM.extab   : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
  .ARM : {
    __exidx_start = .;
    *(.ARM.exidx*)
    __exidx_end = .;
  } >FLASH

  .preinit_array     :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH
  .init_array :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.init_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH
  .fini_array :
  {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
  } >FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

  /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
  .data : 
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */
    *(.data)           /* .data sections */
    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */
  } >RAM AT> FLASH

  
  /* Uninitialized data section */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .bss :
  {
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
    *(.bss)
    *(.bss*)
    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
  } >RAM

  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
  ._user_heap_stack :
  {
    . = ALIGN(8);
    PROVIDE ( end = . );
    PROVIDE ( _end = . );
    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
    . = ALIGN(8);
  } >RAM

  

  /* Remove information from the standard libraries */
  /DISCARD/ :
  {
    libc.a ( * )
    libm.a ( * )
    libgcc.a ( * )
  }

  .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}

---

Entry Point

ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

• ENTRY(Reset_Handler)定义了程序的入口点。当微控制器启动时，它将首先调用 Reset_Handler 函数。

堆栈地址

_estack = 0x20010000;    /* end of RAM */

• _estack 变量定义了用户模式堆栈的最高地址，即 RAM 的末尾。

_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200;      /* required amount of heap  */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */

• _Min_Heap_Size 和 _Min_Stack_Size 定义了堆和栈所需的最小大小。

内存区域

MEMORY
{
  RAM (xrw)      : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 64K
  FLASH (rx)      : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 512K
}

• MEMORY 语句定义了两种内存区域：RAM 和 FLASH。
  • RAM (随机存取存储器) 用于临时存储数据，起始地址为 0x20000000，长度为 64KB。
  • FLASH (闪存) 用于存储程序代码和常量数据，起始地址为 0x8000000，长度为 512KB。

输出段

SECTIONS
{
  /* ... 其他段定义 ... */
}

• SECTIONS 语句定义了链接器应该创建的输出段。

中断向量表

.isr_vector :
{
  . = ALIGN(4);
  KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
  . = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH

• .isr_vector 段用于存储中断向量表，其中包含中断服务例程的地址。

程序代码和数据

.text :
{
  /* ... 程序代码和数据段定义 ... */
} >FLASH

• .text 段包含程序代码和只读数据。

常量数据

.rodata :
{
  /* ... 常量数据段定义 ... */
} >FLASH

• .rodata 段包含只读数据，如字符串和常量。

初始化数组

.preinit_array     :
{
  /* ... 初始化数组段定义 ... */
} >FLASH

• .preinit_array、.init_array 和 .fini_array 段包含程序初始化和终止的函数。

数据段

.data : 
{
  /* ... 数据段定义 ... */
} >RAM AT> FLASH

• .data 段包含初始化数据，这些数据在程序启动时从 FLASH 复制到 RAM。

未初始化数据段

.bss :
{
  /* ... 未初始化数据段定义 ... */
} >RAM

• .bss 段包含未初始化的数据，这些数据在程序启动时初始化为零。

用户堆栈

._user_heap_stack :
{
  /* ... 用户堆栈段定义 ... */
} >RAM

• ._user_heap_stack 段定义了用户堆栈的大小。

废弃信息

/DISCARD/ :
{
  /* ... 废弃信息段定义 ... */
}

• /DISCARD/ 段用于删除标准库中的信息。

ARM 属性

.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }

• .ARM.attributes 段包含 ARM 特定的属性信息。