背景
我们在写项目的时候,基本的一个功能,那就是图片上传,可以是用户头像上传,也可以是当时我们核心功能成品的图片。故文件上传在ssm项目中是比较基础的存在。
效果
代码
1、导入依赖
使用commons-fileupload的版本大于1.0的话则必须引入commons-io.jar
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>
2、spring-mvc配置
处理文件上传,id是固定值,不可改变,直接cv就可
<!-- 配置文件上传解析器-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize">
<value>5242880</value>
</property>
</bean>
3、编写文件工具类
将文件工具类写在service层,这边直接放出实现类里的具体方法
@Override
public String createFile(MultipartFile file,String filePath, String filename) {
// 获取文件名
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
String type=fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
System.out.println(type);
System.out.println("文件名"+fileName);
// 重命名,避免文件名重复
File newFile = new File(filePath, filename+type);
// 检测是否存在该目录
if (!newFile.getParentFile().exists()){
newFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
}
try {
// 写入文件
file.transferTo(newFile);
return filename+type;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
4、controller层
使用MultipartFile类来接收前端传来的文件,前端传来的文件等信息是存储在表单数据里的,故要使用@RequestPart接收,还要配置consumes = "multipart/form-data"
//上传图片
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadPic", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = "multipart/form-data")
public Result uploadPic(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile pic,@RequestParam("picName")String picName){
String fileName=pic.getOriginalFilename();
System.out.println("原图片名称:"+fileName);
String filePath="D:\\myjava\\ssmProject\\vue-supermarket\\src\\assets\\goods";
String newName=uploadFileService.uploadUserPic(pic,filePath,picName);
return new Result(newName,111,"",true);
}
5、前端组件
核心思路:
使用upload组件,取消自动上传(auto-upload="false")因为取消了自动上传,只能通过on-change方法来获取上传文件的信息、图片预显示等,再将将文件信息存入表单数据里面,后续使用按钮,实现手动触发,使用axios传入后端在指定文件夹生成图片。
upload组件
我的把文件上传组件配合表单添加信息使用,在点击表单信息确认添加时,再触发文件上传
data数据
涉及方法
文件上传有一个单独的controller层方法,表单数据也有个单独的controller层方法。我们把文件上传的最终图片名存入表单添加信息的类里,涉及到了一个同步与异步问题。如果我们重命名在controller里面,就需要先执行文件上传,获取返回文件名存入表单数据,才能进行表单提交。但是文件上传上传axios与表单数据axios是异步进行的,也就是说没有等到文件上传后台返回文件名,表单提交方法以及执行了。故我直接在前端设置重命名的文件名。
完整代码
<template>
<div>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="10" class="uploadDiv">
<div>
<el-upload
class="avatar-uploader"
action=""
:show-file-list="false"
:on-change="picturePreview"
:auto-upload="false"
>
<img v-if="imageUrl" :src="imageUrl" class="avatar" />
<i v-else class="el-icon-plus avatar-uploader-icon"></i>
</el-upload>
</div>
<el-button
type="warning"
class="cancelBtn"
v-show="imageUrl"
@click="cancelUpload"
>取消图片</el-button
>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="14">
<el-form
:model="goodsFormData"
status-icon
:rules="rules"
ref="addFrom"
>
<el-form-item
label="商品名称"
:label-width="formLabelWidth"
prop="name"
>
<el-input
v-model="goodsFormData.name"
autocomplete="off"
clearable
></el-input>
</el-form-item>
<-表单略!-->
<el-form-item>
<el-button @click="cancelAdd">取消</el-button>
<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit('addFrom')"
>添加</el-button
>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</el-col>
</el-row>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from "axios";
export default {
name: "AddGoods",
data() {
//表单绑定的rules验证略
return {
formLabelWidth: "80px",
goodsFormData: {
name: "",
type: "",
state: "",
picture: "",
price: "",
},
file: "",
imageUrl: "",
rules: {
//略
},
};
},
methods: {
//onchange:预览图片
picturePreview(file, fileList) {
// console.log("fffff", file.raw);
//预览图片
if (window.createObjectURL != undefined) {
this.imageUrl = window.createObjectURL(file.raw);
} else if (window.URL != undefined) {
this.imageUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(file.raw);
} else if (window.webkitURL != undefined) {
this.imageUrl = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(file.raw);
}
this.file = file.raw;
},
//取消上传
cancelUpload() {
this.imageUrl = "";
this.file = "";
},
//文件上传 async这里本来想设置同步,但是怎么也改不了同步,还是异步
async uploadPic() {
const formData = new FormData();
formData.append("file", this.file);
formData.append("fileType", "IMAGE");
let picName = new Date().getTime() + "";
formData.append("picName", picName);
this.goodsFormData.picture = picName;
let response = await axios
.post("/uploadPic", formData, {
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data;charset=utf-8",
})
.then((res) => {
return res.data.data;
})
.catch((error) => {
this.$message.error("上传失败");
});
this.imageUrl = "";
},
clearForm() {
this.imageUrl = "";
this.goodsFormData.picture = "";
this.goodsFormData.batch = "";
this.goodsFormData.name = "";
this.goodsFormData.state = "";
this.goodsFormData.type = "";
this.goodsFormData.price = "";
},
//表单添加最终按钮触发的方法添加
onSubmit(formName) {
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
//表单验证通过
if (this.imageUrl != "") {
console.log("图片上传");
this.uploadPic();
}
//添加商品
this.addGoods();
//清空表单输入框
} else {
return false;
}
});
},
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss">
.avatar-uploader {
border: 1px dashed #d9d9d9;
border-radius: 6px;
width: 178px;
height: 178px;
cursor: pointer;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
display: inline-block;
}
.avatar-uploader:hover {
border-color: #409eff;
}
.avatar-uploader-icon {
font-size: 28px;
color: #8c939d;
width: 178px;
height: 178px;
line-height: 178px;
text-align: center;
}
.avatar {
width: 178px;
height: 178px;
display: block;
}
.uploadDiv {
height: 100%;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
</style>
最终效果