昨日回顾
0 drf是django的一个app
-序列化器
-Request
-Response
-版本控制
-认证,频率,权限
-过滤,排序,分页
-视图相关
-自动生成接口文档(coreapi,swagger)
-jwt做认证(第三方)
-xadmin---》对admin的美化(bootstrap+jq,1.x版本),simple-ui
-RBAC:基于角色的访问控制(公司内部项目)
1 序列化器
1. 序列化,序列化器会把模型对象转换成字典,经过response以后变成json字符串
2. 反序列化,把客户端发送过来的数据,经过request以后变成字典,序列化器可以把字典转成模型
3. 反序列化,完成数据校验功能
2 Serializer
-序列化
-实例化序列化对象,many参数作用
-source
-SerializerMethodField
-模型表中写方法
-反序列化
-ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data)
-数据校验:ser.is_valid()
-存数据:手动存,重写BookSerializer的create方法,update方法
-ser.save() 如果是新增,会调用create,如果是修改,会调用update
-ser.data 如果有instance对象,就是对instance做序列化
-全局,局部钩子,字段参数
3 ModelSerializer
-class Meta:
model=Book
fields=‘__all__’
extra_kwargs
-重写某个字段:跟之前学的又一样了
-子序列化
4 常用非常用字段
5 字段参数
6 如果第三张表是手动建的,authors是存不进去的
{
name:ddd
price:10
publish:1
authors:[1,2]
}
7 请求对象的属性
8 响应对象
-data:响应数据
-status:响应状态码
-header:响应头
-content_type:响应类型
9 加入serializer后整个后端逻辑
今日内容
1 序列化类源码分析(了解)
1.1 many参数
1 序列化类实例化的时候,传了many,序列化多条,不传,就序列化单条
ser=serializer.BookModelSerializer(instance=qs,many=True)
print(type(ser))
ser=serializer.BookModelSerializer(instance=book)
print(type(ser))
类实例化:在执行__init__之前,先执行了__new__生成一个空对象(决定了是哪个类的对象)
在__new__中进行判断,如果many=True,就返回ListSerializer的对象
1.2 局部全局钩子的源码分析
is_valid()
判断_validated_data如果没有
执行了 self.run_validation(self.initial_data)
目前在BaseSerializer,如果按住ctrl点击,会直接进到它父类的run_validation,进到Field,不是真正执行的方法
我们需要从头找,实际上是Serializer类的run_validation
def run_validation(self, data=empty):
value = self.to_internal_value(data)
try:
self.run_validators(value)
value = self.validate(value)
assert value is not None,
except (ValidationError, DjangoValidationError) as exc:
raise ValidationError(detail=as_serializer_error(exc))
return value
局部钩子是在 to_internal_value执行的
def to_internal_value(self, data):
for field in fields:
validate_method = getattr(self, 'validate_' + field.field_name, None)
if validate_method is not None:
validated_value = validate_method(validated_value)
is_valid---》BaseSerializer的is_valid--》执行了self.run_validation(self.initial_data)---》Serializer的run_validation---》self.to_internal_value(data):局部钩子|||
value = self.validate(value) :全局钩子
self.to_internal_value(data):局部钩子----》getattr(self, 'validate_' + field.field_name, None)
1.3 序列化对象.data
序列化对象.data方法--调用父类data方法---调用对象自己的to_representation(自定义的序列化类无此方法,去父类找)
Serializer类里有to_representation方法,for循环执行attribute = field.get_attribute(instance)
再去Field类里去找get_attribute方法,self.source_attrs就是被切分的source,然后执行get_attribute方法,source_attrs
当参数传过去,判断是方法就加括号执行,是属性就把值取出来
2 所有http状态码
HTTP_100_CONTINUE = 100
HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
HTTP_200_OK = 200
HTTP_201_CREATED = 201
HTTP_202_ACCEPTED = 202
HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT = 204
HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT = 205
HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS = 207
HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED = 208
HTTP_226_IM_USED = 226
HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
HTTP_302_FOUND = 302
HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER = 303
HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED = 304
HTTP_305_USE_PROXY = 305
HTTP_306_RESERVED = 306
HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
HTTP_308_PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308
HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST = 400
HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED = 401
HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN = 403
HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND = 404
HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
HTTP_409_CONFLICT = 409
HTTP_410_GONE = 410
HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413
HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT = 418
HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422
HTTP_423_LOCKED = 423
HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
HTTP_426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428
HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429
HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431
HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451
HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY = 502
HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
HTTP_506_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506
HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
HTTP_508_LOOP_DETECTED = 508
HTTP_509_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT_EXCEEDED = 509
HTTP_510_NOT_EXTENDED = 510
HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511
return Response(ser.data,status.HTTP_200_OK)
3 两个视图基类
1 APIView
2 GenericAPIView(APIView):做了一些封装
-属性:
queryset
serializer_class
-方法:
get_queryset:获取qs数据
get_object:获取一条数据的对象
get_serializer:以后使用它来实例化得到ser对象
get_serializer_class:获取序列化类,注意跟上面区分
4 5个视图扩展类
1 查所有,查一个,删一个,改一个,增一个
5 9个视图子类
1 查所有
2 查一个
3 删一个
4 改一个
5 增一个
6 查所有+增一个
7 查一个+删一个
8 查一个+改一个
9 查一个+删一个+改一个
10 删一个+该一个 (没有:不要问我)
6 视图集
APIView
GenericAPIView:有关数据库操作,queryset 和serializer_class
CreateModelMixin:create方法创建一条
DestroyModelMixin:destory方法删除一条
ListModelMixin:list方法获取所有
RetrieveModelMixin:retrieve获取一条
UpdateModelMixin:update修改一条
CreateAPIView:继承CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有post方法,新增数据
DestroyAPIView:继承DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有delete方法,删除数据
ListAPIView:继承ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取所有
UpdateAPIView:继承UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有put和patch方法,修改数据
RetrieveAPIView:继承RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法,获取一条
ListCreateAPIView:继承ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get获取所有,post方法新增
RetrieveDestroyAPIView:继承RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取一条,delete方法删除
RetrieveUpdateAPIView:继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get获取一条,put,patch修改
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView:继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get获取一条,put,patch修改,delete删除
ViewSetMixin:重写了as_view
ViewSet: 继承ViewSetMixin和APIView
GenericViewSet:继承ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView
ModelViewSet:继承mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
ReadOnlyModelViewSet:继承mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet