例句：For most Greeks, monarchs were something out of the heroic past, something found in Homer's mythical epic the lliad but not in daily life. 对大多数希腊人来说，君主是英雄过去的产物，是荷马神话史诗《伊利亚特》中出现的东西，但在日常生活中却找不到。
As Alexander the Great spread his empire (the Hellenistic empire) from
Macedon and Greece over a large swath of southwestern Asia and northern
Africa, he established a number of kingdoms that became subjects of the
empire. One of the major developments of these new kingdoms was the
resurgence of monarchy, which had many repercussions. For most Greeks,
monarchs were something out of the heroic past, something found in Homer's
mythical epic the Iliad but not in daily life. Furthermore, most Hellenistic
kingdoms embraced numerous different peoples who had little in common.
Hellenistic kings thus needed a new political concept to unite them. One
solution was the creation of a ruler cult that linked the king's authority with that
of the gods.【A】Thus, royal power had divine approval and was meant to create a
political and religious bond between the kings and their subjects. These deified
kings were not considered gods as mighty as Zeus or Apollo, and the new ruler
cults probably made little religious impact on those ruled【1B错误】. Nonetheless, the
ruler cult was an easily understandable symbol of unity within the kingdom. 【C】
1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of the ruler cult EXCEPT:
A. It was based on an idea of monarchy that Greeks associated with their mythic past.
B. It caused a fundamental change in the way people thought about and related to the gods.
C. It symbolized unity and connection among a diverse group of people.
D. It was meant to inspire loyalty to and faith in a new system of government.
*问题 1*
A ✅
B ❌ 黄色高亮部分，（这些被神化的国王不被认为是像宙斯或阿波罗那样强大的神，新的ruler cults可能对ruled被统治者们的宗教影响不大）made little impact
a fundamental change 根本性的改变
C ✅
D inspire loyalty to and faith❓
选B
Paragraph 2
Monarchy also included royal women, who began to play an active part in
political and diplomatic life. Some of them did so in their own right, others in
collaboration with their husbands. For the most part they served as examples
that women too were capable of shouldering vast responsibilities and
performing them successfully. Although Alexander's generals created huge
kingdoms, the concept of monarchy, even when combined with the ruler cult,
never replaced the ideal of the polis (the ancient Greek city-state).
2. The word “vast” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. additional B. great C. special D. shared
问题2
vast=great 巨大的
3. Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about women in Greek society before the Hellenistic empire?
A. They were not directly involved in politics or diplomacy.
B. Their roles were much the same as in the empire.
C. They had some legal rights that were not granted to men.
D. They were often successful and influential community leaders.
问题3
在hellenistic帝国之前的女性处境，需要推理判断
B C D 明显错误
蓝色高亮部分是答案定位
Paragraph 3
Consequently, the monarchies never won the deep emotional loyalty that
Greeks had once felt for the polis. Hellenistic kings needed large numbers of
Greeks to run their kingdoms. Otherwise royal business would grind to a halt,
and the conquerors would soon be swallowed up by the far more numerous
conquered population. Obviously, then, the kings had to encourage Greeks to
immigrate and build new homes. The Hellenistic kings thus confronted the
problem of making life in the new monarchies resemble the traditional Greek
way of life. Since Greek civilization was urban, the kings continued Alexander's
policy of establishing cities throughout their kingdoms in order to entice Greeks
to immigrate. Yet the creation of these cities posed a serious political problem
that the Hellenistic kings failed to solve.
4. According to paragraph 3, the monarchs wanted Greeks to come to the cities because
A. they needed loyal officials to conduct their affairs
B. they needed workers to help build houses for the growing population
C. they had failed to make the native population accept the monarchic rule
D. native inhabitants preferred rural living and refused to take jobs in the cities
*问题4*
现在的人民对国家没有浓厚的情感忠诚，定位在开篇第一句，根本性原因‼️ C ✅
Paragraph 4
To the Greeks, civilized life was unthinkable without the polis, which was far
more than a mere city.The Greek polis was by definition sovereign-an
independent, autonomous state run by its citizens, free of any outside power or
restraint. Hellenistic kings, however, refused to grant sovereignty to their cities.
In effect, these kings willingly built cities but refused to build a polis.
5. According to paragraph 4, the Greek polis differed from the Hellenistic cities in that the Greek polis
A. was generally much larger B. had little influence on outside powers
C. was self-governing D. allowed foreigners to become citizens
*问题5*
Greek 城邦且和Hellenistic城市的不同之处：
A ✅ larger可能不仅仅指物理性质 面积的大，也可能代表希腊人心中城邦的分量之重
B ❎
C ❎
D 两者都允许
错选 C
正解 A
Paragraph 5
Hellenistic monarchs gave their cities all the external trappings of a polis. Each
had an assembly of citizens, a council to prepare legislation, and a board of
magistrates to conduct the city's political business. Yet, however similar to the
Greek polis they appeared, these cities could not engage in diplomatic
dealings, make treaties, pursue their own foreign policy, or wage their own
wars. None could govern its own affairs without interference from the king, who,
even if he stood in the background, was the real sovereign. In the eyes of the
king, the cities were important parts of the kingdom, but the welfare of the
whole kingdom came first. The cities had to follow royal orders, and the king
often placed his own officials in the cities to see that his decrees were
followed.
6. Why does the author include the information that each city had “an assembly of citizens, a council to prepare legislation, and a board of magistrates to conduct the city's political business”?
A. To explain how it was possible for Hellenistic kings to remain in the background despite their great power
B. To provide evidence that monarchs introduced political bodies that were not part of the tradition of the Greek polis
C. To demonstrate that the sovereignty of the cities was divided between so many different political bodies, none of them had much real power
D. To support the idea that Hellenistic monarchs wanted to make their cities seem like a traditional Greek polis
7. Which of the following is identified in paragraph 5 as an aspect of government in which Hellenistic cities played no role?
A. The election of city officials
B. The administration of the daily political business of the city
C. The preparation of legislation that affected the city
D. The shaping of relations with foreign nations
问题6* 7
【6】黄色高亮部分 D
【7】绿色高亮部分 D
Paragraph 6
A new Hellenistic city differed from a Greek polis in other ways as well. The
Greek polis had enjoyed political and social unity even though it was normally
composed of citizens, non-citizens, and resident aliens. The polis had one
body of law and one set of customs. In the Hellenistic city Greeks represented
an elite citizen class. Natives and non-Greek foreigners who lived in Hellenistic
cities usually possessed lesser rights than Greeks and often had their own
laws. In some instances this disparity spurred natives to assimilate Greek
culture in order to rise politically and socially. The Hellenistic city was not
homogeneous and could not spark the intensity of feeling that marked the
polis.
8. The passage suggests that creating cities caused political problems for the Hellenistic monarchs because
A. Greek immigrants were not used to city life and had difficulty adjusting to urban settings
B. the monarchs tried to make their kingdoms resemble a form of government that did not work well together with the monarchy
C. city officials were hard to control and often ignored orders from the monarchs
D. the unity of the kingdom was often disrupted by fights among the cities
问题 8
B 本质原因
9. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Despite these innovations, the new monarchies remained partly in the shadow of the past.
P2-*问题9*
尽管有穿创新 但没用
错选D 正解C
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
Monarchy also included royal women, who began to play an active part in
political and diplomatic life. Some of them did so in their own right, others in
collaboration with their husbands. For the most part they served as
examples that women too were capable of shouldering vast responsibilities
and performing them successfully. Although Alexander's generals created
huge kingdoms, the concept of monarchy, even when combined with the ruler
cult, never replaced the ideal of the polis (the ancient Greek city-state).
10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.
全篇-问题10
hellenistic拥有很多的领土，分割成许多的kindoms
A ❌ women，表面功夫，本质上，还有一部分是在过去的阴影里
B ❌ 未提及比较关系
C
D
E ❌ greek officials地方自治，不需要compete
F
The Hellenistic empire covered a vast amount of territory and was divided into a number of kingdoms.
A. One reason monarchies were established in Hellenistic kingdoms was to allow women to participate more fully in government.
B. Royal power had much more impact on the religion of native populations than on Greek immigrants in Hellenistic cities.
C. A ruler cult was created to strengthen the bond between a monarch and the diverse people within a kingdom.
D. The Hellenistic monarchs drew on the Greek ideal of the polis to create cities that they hoped would attract Greek immigrants.
E. Competition for Greek officials was fierce, and many moved from city to city, earning great fortunes as they went.
F. Inhabitants were less devoted to Hellenistic cities than Greeks had been to the polis in part because cites were not sovereign and did not have uniform laws.
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