设计模式：建造者模式

建造者模式

分析

定义:建造者模式将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创
建不同的表示。

建造者（Builder）模式包含如下角色：

• 抽象建造者类（Builder）：这个接口规定要实现复杂对象的那些部分的创建，并不涉及具体的部件对象的创建。
• 具体建造者类（ConcreteBuilder）：实现 Builder 接口，完成复杂产品的各个部件的具体创建方法。在构造过程完成后，提供产品的实例。
• 产品类（Product）：要创建的复杂对象。
• 指挥者类（Director）：调用具体建造者来创建复杂对象的各个部分，在指导者中不涉及具体产品的信息，只负责保证对象各部分完整创建或按某种顺序创建。

案例：创建共享单车

//自行车类
public class Bike {
    private String frame;
    private String seat;

    public String getFrame() {
        return frame;
    }

    public void setFrame(String frame) {
        this.frame = frame;
    }

    public String getSeat() {
        return seat;
    }

    public void setSeat(String seat) {
        this.seat = seat;
    }
}

// 抽象 builder 类
public abstract class Builder {

    protected Bike mBike = new Bike();

    public abstract void buildFrame();
    public abstract void buildSeat();
    public abstract Bike createBike();
}

//摩拜单车Builder类
public class MobikeBuilder extends Builder {

    @Override
    public void buildFrame() {
        mBike.setFrame("铝合金车架");
    }

    @Override
    public void buildSeat() {
        mBike.setSeat("真皮车座");
    }

    @Override
    public Bike createBike() {
        return mBike;
    }
}

//ofo单车Builder类
public class OfoBuilder extends Builder {

    @Override
    public void buildFrame() {
        mBike.setFrame("碳纤维车架");
    }

    @Override
    public void buildSeat() {
        mBike.setSeat("橡胶车座");
    }

    @Override
    public Bike createBike() {
        return mBike;
    }
}

//指挥者类
public class Director {
    private Builder mBuilder;

    public Director(Builder builder) {
        mBuilder = builder;
    }

    public Bike construct() {
        mBuilder.buildFrame();
        mBuilder.buildSeat();
        return mBuilder.createBike();
    }
}

//测试类
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        showBike(new OfoBuilder());
        showBike(new MobikeBuilder());
    }
    private static void showBike(Builder builder) {
        Director director = new Director(builder);
        Bike bike = director.construct();
        System.out.println(bike.getFrame());
        System.out.println(bike.getSeat());
    }
}

改造

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建指挥者对象
        Director director = new Director(new MobileBuilder());
        //让指挥者只会组装自行车
        Bike bike = director.construct();

        System.out.println(bike.getFrame());
        System.out.println(bike.getSeat());
    }
}

案例：组装手机

public class Phone {

    private String cpu;
    private String screen;
    private String memory;
    private String mainboard;

    //私有构造方法
    private Phone(Builder builder) {
        this.cpu = builder.cpu;
        this.screen = builder.screen;
        this.memory = builder.memory;
        this.mainboard = builder.mainboard;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Phone{" +
                "cpu='" + cpu + '\'' +
                ", screen='" + screen + '\'' +
                ", memory='" + memory + '\'' +
                ", mainboard='" + mainboard + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public static final class Builder {
        private String cpu;
        private String screen;
        private String memory;
        private String mainboard;

        public Builder cpu(String cpu) {
            this.cpu = cpu;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder screen(String screen) {
            this.screen = screen;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder memory(String memory) {
            this.memory = memory;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder mainboard(String mainboard) {
            this.mainboard = mainboard;
            return this;
        }

        //使用构建者创建Phone对象
        public Phone build() {
            return new Phone(this);
        }
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建手机对象   通过构建者对象获取手机对象
        Phone phone = new Phone.Builder()
                .cpu("intel")
                .screen("三星屏幕")
                .memory("金士顿内存条")
                .mainboard("华硕主板")
                .build();

        System.out.println(phone);
    }
}