定时器时钟配置
定时器分类
以stm32f4为例，总共包括14个定时器（time2和time5为32位，其余均为16位）
定时器时钟
不同的定时器挂载在不同的总线上（APBx，x=1,2），内部时钟图如下图所示：
在system_stm32f4xx.c中已经设置APB1和APB2时钟，其中APB1为168/4=42Mhz，APB2为168/2=84Mhz
但是定时器和挂靠在APB1和APB2的IO口不同，从下图中可以看出，180MHZ经过APBx分频后，
直接用在普通的IO口；而在定时器使用时，如果当APBx时钟分频为1时，定时器对应的时钟为
APBx的时钟，当APBx时钟分频不为1时，定时器对应的时钟为APBx的时钟的2倍。从上述表格上
可以看出APB1 presclaer和APB2 presclaer分别为4、2，不是1，所以定时器的时钟为
（CK_INT）为84MHZ/168MHZ（视挂载情况决定）。
其中，定时器时钟频率具体对应多少，其实和RCC-DCKCFGR寄存器有直接关系。
寄存器RCC-DCKCFGR中的TIMPRE位配置如下：
案例
定时器初始化（输入捕获实验）
void TIM5_CH1_Cap_Init(u32 arr)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM5,ENABLE); //TIM5时钟使能
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); //使能PORTA时钟
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //GPIOA0
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;//复用功能
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz; //速度100MHz
//GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP; //推挽复用输出
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_DOWN ; //下拉
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化PA0
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource0,GPIO_AF_TIM5); //PA0复用位定时器5
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler=83; //定时器分频
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode=TIM_CounterMode_Up; //向上计数模式
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period=arr; //自动重装载值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision=TIM_CKD_DIV1; //定时器时钟频率和滤波器采样时钟之间的分频比
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM5,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
//初始化TIM5输入捕获参数
TIM5_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1; //CC1S=01 选择输入端 IC1映射到TI1上
TIM5_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising; //上升沿捕获
TIM5_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI; //映射到TI1上
TIM5_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1; //配置输入分频,不分频 （配置检测到几次边沿进行捕获）
TIM5_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x00;//IC1F=0000 配置输入滤波器 不滤波
TIM_ICInit(TIM5, &TIM5_ICInitStructure);
TIM_ITConfig(TIM5,TIM_IT_Update|TIM_IT_CC1,ENABLE);//允许更新中断 ,允许CC1IE捕获中断
TIM_Cmd(TIM5,ENABLE ); //使能定时器5
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM5_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2;//抢占优先级3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =0; //子优先级3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //根据指定的参数初始化VIC寄存器、
}
（1）TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler=83; //定时器分频，Time5挂载在APB1（42Mhz）,因为RCC-DCKCFGR中的TIMPRE位影响（RCC-DCKCFGR寄存器仅适用于 STM32F42xxx 和 STM32F43xxx 设备。在STM32F407默认TIMPRE为0），Time5时钟分频为84Mhz，
（2）TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision=TIM_CKD_DIV1; Timex-CR1中的CKD位控制。
（3）初始化TIM5输入捕获参数
Time5的滤波和分频在Timex-CCMR1中进行设置
（4）
TIM_ITConfig(TIM5,TIM_IT_Update|TIM_IT_CC1,ENABLE);//允许更新中断 ,允许CC1IE捕获中断
TIM_Cmd(TIM5,ENABLE ); //使能定时器5
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM5_IRQn;
有更新中断和捕获中断两种方式，但是TIM5_IRQn对应全局中断。在stm32f4xx.h中进行配置。
CAN1_TX_IRQn = 19, /*!< CAN1 TX Interrupt */
CAN1_RX0_IRQn = 20, /*!< CAN1 RX0 Interrupt */
CAN1_RX1_IRQn = 21, /*!< CAN1 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN1_SCE_IRQn = 22, /*!< CAN1 SCE Interrupt */
EXTI9_5_IRQn = 23, /*!< External Line[9:5] Interrupts */
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break interrupt and TIM9 global interrupt */
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt and TIM10 global interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM11 global interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt */
TIM2_IRQn = 28, /*!< TIM2 global Interrupt */
TIM3_IRQn = 29, /*!< TIM3 global Interrupt */
TIM4_IRQn = 30, /*!< TIM4 global Interrupt */
I2C1_EV_IRQn = 31, /*!< I2C1 Event Interrupt */
I2C1_ER_IRQn = 32, /*!< I2C1 Error Interrupt */
I2C2_EV_IRQn = 33, /*!< I2C2 Event Interrupt */
I2C2_ER_IRQn = 34, /*!< I2C2 Error Interrupt */
SPI1_IRQn = 35, /*!< SPI1 global Interrupt */
SPI2_IRQn = 36, /*!< SPI2 global Interrupt */
USART1_IRQn = 37, /*!< USART1 global Interrupt */
USART2_IRQn = 38, /*!< USART2 global Interrupt */
USART3_IRQn = 39, /*!< USART3 global Interrupt */
EXTI15_10_IRQn = 40, /*!< External Line[15:10] Interrupts */
RTC_Alarm_IRQn = 41, /*!< RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line Interrupt */
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQn = 42, /*!< USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line interrupt */
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQn = 43, /*!< TIM8 Break Interrupt and TIM12 global interrupt */
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQn = 44, /*!< TIM8 Update Interrupt and TIM13 global interrupt */
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQn = 45, /*!< TIM8 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM14 global interrupt */
TIM8_CC_IRQn = 46, /*!< TIM8 Capture Compare Interrupt */
DMA1_Stream7_IRQn = 47, /*!< DMA1 Stream7 Interrupt */
FSMC_IRQn = 48, /*!< FSMC global Interrupt */
SDIO_IRQn = 49, /*!< SDIO global Interrupt */
TIM5_IRQn = 50, /*!< TIM5 global Interrupt */
SPI3_IRQn = 51, /*!< SPI3 global Interrupt */
UART4_IRQn = 52, /*!< UART4 global Interrupt */
UART5_IRQn = 53, /*!< UART5 global Interrupt */
TIM6_DAC_IRQn = 54, /*!< TIM6 global and DAC1&2 underrun error interrupts */
TIM7_IRQn = 55, /*!< TIM7 global interrupt */
DMA2_Stream0_IRQn = 56, /*!< DMA2 Stream 0 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream1_IRQn = 57, /*!< DMA2 Stream 1 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream2_IRQn = 58, /*!< DMA2 Stream 2 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream3_IRQn = 59, /*!< DMA2 Stream 3 global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream4_IRQn = 60, /*!< DMA2 Stream 4 global Interrupt */
ETH_IRQn = 61, /*!< Ethernet global Interrupt */
ETH_WKUP_IRQn = 62, /*!< Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line Interrupt */
CAN2_TX_IRQn = 63, /*!< CAN2 TX Interrupt */
CAN2_RX0_IRQn = 64, /*!< CAN2 RX0 Interrupt */
CAN2_RX1_IRQn = 65, /*!< CAN2 RX1 Interrupt */
CAN2_SCE_IRQn = 66, /*!< CAN2 SCE Interrupt */
OTG_FS_IRQn = 67, /*!< USB OTG FS global Interrupt */
DMA2_Stream5_IRQn = 68, /*!< DMA2 Stream 5 global interrupt */
DMA2_Stream6_IRQn = 69, /*!< DMA2 Stream 6 global interrupt */
DMA2_Stream7_IRQn = 70, /*!< DMA2 Stream 7 global interrupt */
USART6_IRQn = 71, /*!< USART6 global interrupt */
I2C3_EV_IRQn = 72, /*!< I2C3 event interrupt */
I2C3_ER_IRQn = 73, /*!< I2C3 error interrupt */
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQn = 74, /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out global interrupt */
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQn = 75, /*!< USB OTG HS End Point 1 In global interrupt */
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQn = 76, /*!< USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI interrupt */
OTG_HS_IRQn = 77, /*!< USB OTG HS global interrupt */
DCMI_IRQn = 78, /*!< DCMI global interrupt */
CRYP_IRQn = 79, /*!< CRYP crypto global interrupt */
HASH_RNG_IRQn = 80, /*!< Hash and Rng global interrupt */
FPU_IRQn = 81 /*!< FPU global interrupt */
注意：当中断向量不对应所有中断时，应选择对应的中断向量。例如Time1对应多种中断向量，在编写时要选择对应的中断向量。
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQn = 24, /*!< TIM1 Break interrupt and TIM9 global interrupt */
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn = 25, /*!< TIM1 Update Interrupt and TIM10 global interrupt */
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQn = 26, /*!< TIM1 Trigger and Commutation Interrupt and TIM11 global interrupt */
TIM1_CC_IRQn = 27, /*!< TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt
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