彻底解决Android网络请求失败

前言：

不知道大家是否在项目中遇到过请求网络请求失败的情况，事实上在Android 9.0(API 28)后就谷歌就已经禁止明文访问了，以下方法解决可以这个问题。(我这里默认用OkHttp第三方框架来请求网络)

首先我这边自己封装了一个OkHttp封装类，有需要自取，也可以自己分装提高自己的代码编写能力。注：我在get请求失败的时候捕获了异常，这个注意，后面有用到。

public class MyOkHttp {
    private OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
    private Gson gson = new Gson();
    private volatile static MyOkHttp myOkhttp = null;

    private MyOkHttp() {
        okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient
                .Builder()
                .hostnameVerifier(new AllowAllHostnameVerifier())
                .sslSocketFactory(TrustAllCerts.createSSLSocketFactory(), TrustAllCerts.getX509TrustManager())
                .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//连接超时
                .readTimeout(500, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build();//读超时  还有一个写超时
    }

    public static MyOkHttp getInstance() {
        if (myOkhttp == null) {
            return newInstance();
        }
        return myOkhttp;
    }

    private synchronized static MyOkHttp newInstance() {
        if (myOkhttp == null) {
            myOkhttp = new MyOkHttp();
        }
        return myOkhttp;
    }


    public void get(String url, final requestMessage requestMessage) {
        final Request request = new Request.Builder().addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8").get().url(url).build();
        okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                requestMessage.requestFail();
                requestMessage.requestComplete();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(final Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                requestMessage.requestComplete();
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    requestMessage.requestSuccess(response);
                } else {
                    requestMessage.requestFail();
                    LogUtils.e(response.message());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public void post(String url, Map<String, String> param, final requestMessage requestMessage) {
        FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
        if (param != null) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : param.entrySet()) {
                builder.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .post(builder.build())
                .url(url)
                .build();
        okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                LogUtils.d(e.toString());
                e.printStackTrace();
                requestMessage.requestFail();
                requestMessage.requestComplete();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                requestMessage.requestComplete();
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    requestMessage.requestSuccess(response);
                } else {
                    requestMessage.requestFail();
                    LogUtils.d(response.body().string());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public void postBitMap(String url, File file, String assetNumber, final requestMessage requestMessage) {
        MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM);
        builder.addFormDataPart("picture", "img.jpg", RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/jpg"), file));
        builder.addFormDataPart("assetNumber", assetNumber);
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(builder.build())
                .build();
        okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                requestMessage.requestFail();
                requestMessage.requestComplete();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                requestMessage.requestComplete();
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    requestMessage.requestSuccess(response);
                } else {
                    requestMessage.requestFail();
                    LogUtils.d(response.message());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    //系统时间获取方法
    public String getDate() {
        //获取系统的日期时间
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd", Locale.ENGLISH);
        return sdf.format(calendar.getTime());
    }

    //系统时间获取方法
    public String getTime() {
        //获取系统的日期时间
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        String strDateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(strDateFormat, Locale.ENGLISH);
        return sdf.format(calendar.getTime());
    }

    public Gson getGson() {
        return gson;
    }


    public interface requestMessage {
        void requestFail();

        //失败成功都会回调
        void requestComplete();

        void requestSuccess(Response response) throws IOException;
    }
}

1.不用http协议，只采用https协议

以下对比两个协议的区别

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "jiangjianhua";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        MyOkHttp.getInstance().get("http://www.baidu.com", new MyOkHttp.requestMessage() {
            @Override
            public void requestFail() {
                runOnUiThread(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "连接超时", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
            }

            @Override
            public void requestComplete() {

            }

            @Override
            public void requestSuccess(Response response) throws IOException {
                Log.d(TAG, "response: " + response.body().string());
            }
        });

    }
}

这个demo就只有一个自动生成的主页面，主页面什么都没有，点击启动。

获得结果：CLEARTEXT communication to www.baidu.com not permitted by network security policy  翻译过来就是   网络安全政策不允许CLEARTEXT与www.baudu.com通信。所以就是网络安全的问题。然后https协议默认带有加密，所以用https协议就不会有问题了。在访问URL那里改成https://www.baidu.com就可以了。看结果：

已经获取到了请求体里面的内容了，就证明请求成功了。

2.加上配置文件  network_security_config.xml

在项目中的res资源文件夹中，创建一个xml文件夹，创建一个文件network_security_config.xml。内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>

在 AndroidManifest.xml文件重加入 android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" 然后把请求的地址协议改回 http

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.mytestdemo">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

完成，然后启动，结果图：

 最后也访问成功了。

所以，访问不了主要是因为涉及到网络安全，既然是网络安全那我们就尽量遵守这个规则，不关是https还是http都加上就好了。这样就能确保两种协议都能访问成功了。（对了，最后提一嘴，把版本退回Android 9.0之前说不定也可以哦，嘻嘻）