状语从句——专升本语法

状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子
功能:说明地点,时间，原因，目的,结果
状语从句:
定义: 一个句子在复合句中充当状语。
特征:主从句结构完整，不缺少任何成分
根据主从句关系选择连词
主从句位置灵活

★考点:引导词(考意思)

一、时间状语从句

1. when/ while/ as“当 ..时”

while/ as+长动作(延续性动作)
when +长动作/短动作,表示“就在这时”突然
Eg: My deskmate fell asleep，______I was learning.
I was walking in the street__when___I met my ex-boyfriend.
注:①while还可以表示前后对比，转折“然而”
While she sailed through her exams, he struggled.

②as还可表示“随着”
As time goes by, he became mature.随着时间的流逝，他变得成熟了。
强调主从句动作同时发生，可译为“一....,一边...”

练习:
1.___the day went on, our environment got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While 
D. As
2. She thought I was praising her child,___ , in fact,I was scolding him for 
his bad behaviors at school.(scolding sb for sth 因某事而责骂某人)
A. what
B.while
C.so that
D.therefore
3. We were swimming in the lake,____ suddenly the storm started.
A. when
B.while
C.still
D.before

1.__when___teacher came ,we were talking loudly.
2.___when(随意)___we were talking，she came.
3.My mother knitted the sweater__as___she watched TV.

2.“一.. .就../......”

※as soon as，the moment，the instant

我一见到这个帅气的男生，我就爱上了他。
As soon as I saw the handsome boy, I fell in love with him. 
考点

 eg：Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain.

3.直到... unti/till 

   直到...才，no...until.

Eg: I will always remenber you __till/until____my life ends.
He didn't find that he was infected __until___he was told by the doctor.

[2005]直到天黑他们才意识到太晚回不了家了
It wasn't until dark that they realized they couldn't get home too late.

I don't play game until finish my home work.
直到我写完作业，才去玩游戏

1.我们会一直等直到他回来。
We will wait here until he comes back.

2.I did't leave until he comes back.
直到他回来我才离开.

4.关于it的三个时间段

1.It is /has been+时间段+since+句子(一 般过去时)“自从..有多久了

It is/has been ten years since we met.

2.It was+时间段+before+句子(一 般过去时)“过了多久...”

3.It will be+时间段+before+句子(一 般现在时)“再过多久才，...”

二.地点状语从句

引导词: where ,wherever
Eg:
__where___there is a will（n.意志，遗嘱）, there is a way.
       My niece will follow me_wherever__I go.

[ 2019] Medicine should not be kept____it is approachable（可接近的） to children.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that

三.原因状语从句(因为...) 

1. because +句子，前可加adv.
    because of  +n/n.短语
2 since(句首)/Now that, as “既然”“因为”，常表已知的原因
3 in that “在于，由于” 常位于句中
4 for前一般有逗号
   (1) for引导的原因状从
   (2) 位于从句之后，用逗号
   (3) 与主句隔开

四.条件状语从句

如果:if=provided= providing -suppose= supposing

只要:as long as= so long as

除非: unless=if..not 如果不

eg：we will climb the  mountain tomorrow if it doesn't rain./unless it rains.
注：unless 本身就有否定意思，后不用表否定

万一:in case

一旦:once

Eg: We will not make more progress__unless___we face up difficulties bravely.
[ 2008] You can stay here___ you keep quiet.
A. as long as
B. unless 
C. in case
D. in order
[2004] You can't see the president_____ you've made an appointment with him.
A. when
B. if
C. unless
D. except

五.目的状语从句

in order that +句子
in order to do sth →句首，句中

so that +句子
so as to do sth →句中

in case= = lest =for fear that +句子

eg:

Speak clearly,__in order that / so that__they may understand you.
The bird gets up early__in order that / so that__it can catch more worms.
The bird gets up early__so as/in order to__catch more worms.
I took an umbrella__in case /lest/for fear that___I was caught in the rain.

六.结果状语从句(如此...以至于...

so+ adj / adv+ that
so +adj + a/an + n单+that
                考点：改错
such+ a/an+ adj +n单+that
such+adj+n复/un+that

eg:
He is so handsome that we all like him.
He is so handsome a boy that all like him.
He is such a handsome boy that all like him.

Eg: Our vllage head is. So responsible that we all like him.
He is such a responsible village head that we all like him.

七.让步状语从句(尽管， 虽然..)

1. though=although = even if= even though + 句子

despite= in spite of + n/短语

注：不与but连用

eg：

Though/Althougt he has a lot of money，he is unhappy.

Despite applying for hundreds of jobs， he is still out of work.

Even if he is poor, I love him. . 即使他很穷，我也爱他。。
Though she is a girl, she is brave. 虽然她是个女孩，但她很勇敢。

2. as引导让步状语从句时，句子需要形式倒装,
其倒装形式: n/v /adj /adv+ as +主+谓“虽然

注意：若名词提前，名词前的冠词需要省略

eg: Child as he is，he knows a lot.
Try as he did, he still failed.
Ugly as he is, he is gentle.
Hard as he worked, he still failed.

3.疑问词+ever (可引导名从和状从)≥no matter+疑问词(只引导状从)

引导让步状语从句的固定句型:
However/no matter how +adj/adv +主+谓“无论 多么/无论怎么..
Whatever/no matter what +n.+主+谓
“无论什么...
”
Eg:_____difficult it will be, we will overcome it.
_______difficulties we may meet, we will overcome them.
[ 2016 ] . No matter how____, it's impossible that he has never lost money.
A. a businessman smart is
B. a businessman is smart
C. smart is a businessman
D. smart a businessman is