目录
1.概述
将一个复杂对象的构建与表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
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分离了部件的构造(由Builder来负责)和装配(由Director负责)。 从而可以构造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于:某个对象的构建过程复杂的情况。
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由于实现了构建和装配的解耦。不同的构建器,相同的装配,也可以做出不同的对象;相同的构建器,不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法、装配算法的解耦,实现了更好的复用。
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建造者模式可以将部件和其组装过程分开,一步一步创建一个复杂的对象。用户只需要指定复杂对象的类型就可以得到该对象,而无须知道其内部的具体构造细节。
2.案例
//自行车类
public class Bike {
private String frame;
private String seat;
public String getFrame() {
return frame;
}
public void setFrame(String frame) {
this.frame = frame;
}
public String getSeat() {
return seat;
}
public void setSeat(String seat) {
this.seat = seat;
}
}
// 抽象Builder类
public abstract class Builder {
//声明Bike类型的变量,并进行赋值
protected Bike mBike = new Bike();
public abstract void buildFrame();
public abstract void buildSeat();
//构建自行车的方法
public abstract Bike createBike();
}
//摩拜单车Builder类
public class MobikeBuilder extends Builder {
@Override
public void buildFrame() {
mBike.setFrame("铝合金车架");
}
@Override
public void buildSeat() {
mBike.setSeat("真皮车座");
}
@Override
public Bike createBike() {
return mBike;
}
}
//ofo单车Builder类
public class OfoBuilder extends Builder {
@Override
public void buildFrame() {
mBike.setFrame("碳纤维车架");
}
@Override
public void buildSeat() {
mBike.setSeat("橡胶车座");
}
@Override
public Bike createBike() {
return mBike;
}
}
//指挥者类
public class Director {
private Builder mBuilder;
public Director(Builder builder) {
mBuilder = builder;
}
//组装自行车的功能
public Bike construct() {
mBuilder.buildFrame();
mBuilder.buildSeat();
return mBuilder.createBike();
}
}
//测试类
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
showBike(new OfoBuilder());
//碳纤维车架
//橡胶车座
showBike(new MobikeBuilder());
//铝合金车架
//真皮车座
}
private static void showBike(Builder builder) {
Director director = new Director(builder);
Bike bike = director.construct();
System.out.println(bike.getFrame());
System.out.println(bike.getSeat());
}
}
3.优缺点
4.使用场景
5.模式扩展
建造者模式除了上面的用途外,在开发中还有一个常用的使用方式,就是当一个类构造器需要传入很多参数时,如果创建这个类的实例,代码可读性会非常差,而且很容易引入错误,此时就可以利用建造者模式进行重构。
public class Phone {
private String cpu;
private String screen;
private String memory;
private String mainboard;
private Phone(Builder builder) {
cpu = builder.cpu;
screen = builder.screen;
memory = builder.memory;
mainboard = builder.mainboard;
}
public static final class Builder {
private String cpu;
private String screen;
private String memory;
private String mainboard;
public Builder() {
}
public Builder cpu(String val) {
cpu = val;
return this;
}
public Builder screen(String val) {
screen = val;
return this;
}
public Builder memory(String val) {
memory = val;
return this;
}
public Builder mainboard(String val) {
mainboard = val;
return this;
}
//对外的公共方法
public Phone build() {
return new Phone(this);
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Phone{" +
"cpu='" + cpu + '\'' +
", screen='" + screen + '\'' +
", memory='" + memory + '\'' +
", mainboard='" + mainboard + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone phone = new Phone.Builder()
.cpu("intel")
.mainboard("华硕")
.memory("金士顿")
.screen("三星")
.build();
System.out.println(phone);
}
}