安卓讲课笔记3.1 线性布局——上机操作

（一）任务1、选择水果单击某个水果图标，弹出吐司提示用户选择了什么水果

1、基于Empty Activity创建安卓应用 - ChooseFruit

• 单击【Finish】按钮
  

2、准备图片素材

• 将水果小图片和背景图片拷贝到res/drawable目录
  

3、主布局资源文件activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:background="@drawable/yjn"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/yt"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img1"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="樱桃"/>

        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/mg"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img2"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="芒果"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/cm"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img3"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="草莓"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/tz"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img4"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="桃子"/>
        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/xg"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img5"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="西瓜"/>

        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/cz"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img6"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="橙子"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/hmg"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img7"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="哈密瓜"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/lm"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img8"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="蓝莓"/>

        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/mht"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img9"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="猕猴桃"/>

        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/lz"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img10"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="荔枝"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/nm"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img11"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="柠檬"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/xhs"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img12"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="西红柿"/>
        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/bl"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img13"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="菠萝"/>

        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/xj"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img14"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="香蕉"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/bxg"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img15"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="百香果"/>
        </LinearLayout>
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingLeft="20dp">
            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/sz"
                android:layout_width="70dp"
                android:layout_height="70dp"
                android:src="@drawable/img16"/>

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:textSize="20dp"
                android:text="山竹"/>
        </LinearLayout>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

4、主界面类MainAcitivity.java

• 定义常量
  

 private ImageView YT;//图像控件
    private ImageView MG;
    private ImageView CM;
    private ImageView TZ;
    private ImageView XG;
    private ImageView CZ;
    private ImageView HMG;
    private ImageView LM;
    private ImageView MHT;
    private ImageView LZ;
    private ImageView Lemon;
    private ImageView XHS;
    private ImageView BL;
    private ImageView XJ;
    private ImageView BXG;
    private ImageView SZ;

• 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
  

// 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
        // 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
        YT = findViewById(R.id.yt);
        MG = findViewById(R.id.mg);
        CM = findViewById(R.id.cm);
        TZ = findViewById(R.id.tz);
        XG = findViewById(R.id.xg);
        CZ = findViewById(R.id.cz);
        HMG = findViewById(R.id.hmg);
        LM = findViewById(R.id.lm);
        MHT = findViewById(R.id.mht);
        LZ = findViewById(R.id.lz);
        Lemon = findViewById(R.id.lemon);
        XHS = findViewById(R.id.xhs);
        BL = findViewById(R.id.bl);
        XJ = findViewById(R.id.xj);
        BXG = findViewById(R.id.bxg);
        SZ = findViewById(R.id.sz);

• 给图像注册单击监听器，实现监听器接口，编写事件处理方法
  

//给图像注册单机监听器，实现监听器接口，编写事件处理方法
        YT.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了樱桃",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        MG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了芒果",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        CM.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了草莓",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        TZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了桃子",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        XG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了西瓜",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        CZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了橙子",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        HMG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"哈密瓜",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        LM.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了蓝莓",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        MHT.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了猕猴桃",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        LZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了荔枝",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        Lemon.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了柠檬",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        XHS.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了西红柿",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        BL.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了菠萝",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        XJ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了香蕉",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        BXG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了百香果",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        SZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了山竹",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

• 查看完整代码

package dirnet.zh.choosefruit;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ImageView YT;//图像控件
    private ImageView MG;
    private ImageView CM;
    private ImageView TZ;
    private ImageView XG;
    private ImageView CZ;
    private ImageView HMG;
    private ImageView LM;
    private ImageView MHT;
    private ImageView LZ;
    private ImageView Lemon;
    private ImageView XHS;
    private ImageView BL;
    private ImageView XJ;
    private ImageView BXG;
    private ImageView SZ;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 利用布局资源文件设置用户界面
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
        YT = findViewById(R.id.yt);
        MG = findViewById(R.id.mg);
        CM = findViewById(R.id.cm);
        TZ = findViewById(R.id.tz);
        XG = findViewById(R.id.xg);
        CZ = findViewById(R.id.cz);
        HMG = findViewById(R.id.hmg);
        LM = findViewById(R.id.lm);
        MHT = findViewById(R.id.mht);
        LZ = findViewById(R.id.lz);
        Lemon = findViewById(R.id.lemon);
        XHS = findViewById(R.id.xhs);
        BL = findViewById(R.id.bl);
        XJ = findViewById(R.id.xj);
        BXG = findViewById(R.id.bxg);
        SZ = findViewById(R.id.sz);

        //给图像注册单机监听器，实现监听器接口，编写事件处理方法
        YT.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了樱桃",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        MG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了芒果",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        CM.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了草莓",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        TZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了桃子",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        XG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了西瓜",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        CZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了橙子",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        HMG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"哈密瓜",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        LM.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了蓝莓",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        MHT.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了猕猴桃",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        LZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了荔枝",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        Lemon.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了柠檬",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        XHS.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了西红柿",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        BL.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了菠萝",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        XJ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了香蕉",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        BXG.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了百香果",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        SZ.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了山竹",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

5、启动应用，查看效果

（二)任务2、实现计算器界面

• 见安卓笔记3.4 实现计算器界面