zabbix服务自定义监控
准备环境：
我们此次准备的被监控端主机为192.168.195.137（centos2）这台主机，监控主机为192.168.195.130（client）这台主机
** 注：我们的自定义监控得出内容是写在被监控主机的zabbix_agentd.conf这个配置文件中的，所以我们都是在被监控端进行配置**
1.自定义监控进程
1.1在被监控端开启自定义监控功能
[root@centos2 ~]# cd /usr/local/etc/
[root@centos2 etc]# ls
zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.conf.d
[root@centos2 etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@centos2 etc]# grep -A2 'UnsafeUserParameters=0' zabbix_agentd.conf
# UnsafeUserParameters=0
UnsafeUserParameters=1
//同时，配置文件中也告诉了我们使用自定义监控的格式，我们获取值的方式是通过脚本来实现的
[root@centos2 etc]# grep -A4 'Option: UserParameter$' zabbix_agentd.conf
### Option: UserParameter
# User-defined parameter to monitor. There can be several user-defined parameters.
# Format: UserParameter=<key>,<shell command> //<key>则是我们在网页上加入监控项时的key
# See 'zabbix_agentd' directory for examples.
1.2编辑一个脚本文件，用于获取服务的进程号（脚本默认放在同一个地方，此处我们创建一个专门用于放置脚本文件的目录，放置到/script，不要放在用户家目录下面，防止后续出现权限受限的问题）
[root@centos2 ~]# mkdir /script
[root@centos2 ~]# cd /script
//编辑脚本文件
[root@centos2 script]# vim showprocess.sh
[root@centos2 script]# cat showprocess.sh
#!/bin/bash
process=$(ps -ef | grep "$1" | grep -Ev "grep|$0" | wc -l)
if [ $process -eq 0 ];then //此处判断若过滤出来的服务的进程为0时，说明没有开启此服务，则输出1，说明处在问题，反之则说明有进程，则输出0，表示不存在问题
echo "1"
else
echo "0"
fi
//查看一下我们的服务端口，用几个服务做一下测试
[root@centos2 script]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
[root@centos2 script]# ./showprocess.sh postfix //显示0，说明服务进程存在
0
[root@centos2 script]# ./showprocess.sh httpd //显示1，说明服务进程不存在
1
//进入配置文件，创建自定义监控任务
[root@centos2 etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@centos2 etc]# tail -1 zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=show_process[*],/bin/bash /script/showprocess.sh $1
//因为我们修改了配置文件，所以需要重启服务，重新读取配置文件内容
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl restart zabbix_agentd.service
//创建自定义监控任务后，我们需要在server端去测试一下是否能接受到被监控端的值
[root@client ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.195.137 -k show_process['postfix']
0 //成功接收到值
主机上的配置完成
1.3为该脚本配置监控项、触发器
创建监控项
创建触发器
1.4测试
我们手动关闭一下postfix服务
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl restart zabbix_agentd.service
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl stop postfix.service
[root@centos2 etc]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
查看邮箱
重新开启服务
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl start postfix.service
[root@centos2 etc]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
2.自定义监控日志
注：自定义监控日志同样也是利用脚本，不同的是监控进程使用的是shell脚本，而监控日志使用的却是python脚本
2.1到码云上拉取有关的包
压缩包地址：https://github.com/chendao2015/
将下载的包发送到被监控端
//安装unzip包和Python3的包以便于解压和执行脚本
[root@centos2 script]# yum -y install unzip
省略. . .
[root@centos2 ~]# yum -y install python3
省略. . .
//解压后查看文件，并服务log.py文件执行权限
[root@centos2 src]# ls
debug kernels pyscripts-master.zip zabbix-6.4.6 zabbix-6.4.6.tar.gz
[root@centos2 src]# unzip pyscripts-master.zip
Archive: pyscripts-master.zip
67a2f27e90f1cb27d46bbe855d255b3e0d302cd7
creating: pyscripts-master/
inflating: pyscripts-master/README.md
inflating: pyscripts-master/dmp4.py
inflating: pyscripts-master/log.py
inflating: pyscripts-master/mail_send.py
inflating: pyscripts-master/定时发微信群消息.zip
[root@centos2 src]# ls
debug kernels pyscripts-master pyscripts-master.zip zabbix-6.4.6 zabbix-6.4.6.tar.gz
[root@centos2 src]# cd pyscripts-master/
[root@centos2 pyscripts-master]# ls
dmp4.py log.py mail_send.py README.md 定时发微信群消息.zip
[root@centos2 pyscripts-master]# mv log.py /script/ //将此文件移动到我们存放脚本的目录中
[root@centos2 pyscripts-master]# ls /script/
log.py showprocess.sh
[root@centos2 pyscripts-master]# chmod +x /script/log.py //赋予执行权限
[root@centos2 pyscripts-master]# ls /script/
log.py showprocess.sh
log.py的用法
测试log.py脚本文件
//首先我们要指定一个日志文件
[root@centos2 script]# vim /tmp/test.log //我们顺便往里面添加了一些数据，并在其中加入了Error字符
[root@centos2 script]# cat /tmp/test.log
fdsfgdgds
fefebkmzds
fdsfsd
bgdlb
sfhfad
Error
gfgfghn
nlnsn
[root@centos2 script]# python3 log.py /tmp/test.log //第一次读取检查到了Error关键词，返回码为1，表示存在问题
1
[root@centos2 script]# python3 log.py /tmp/test.log //第二次读取的返回码为0正常，因为前面读取过的不会再次读取
0
//查看/tmp/logseek文件，看读取的位置
[root@centos2 script]# cat /tmp/logseek
62
注：按照log.py的用法可知，第二参数和第三参数存在默认选项，我们也可以指定文件，指定关键词
2.2编辑被控制端配置文件
//创建自定义监控任务
[root@centos2 etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@centos2 etc]# tail -1 zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=check_logs[*],python3 /script/log.py $1 $2 $3
//修改配置文件后需重启服务，重新读取配置文件
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl restart zabbix_agentd.service
//创建自定义监控任务后，我们需要在server端去测试一下是否能接收到被监控端的值
[root@client ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.195.137 -k check_logs['/tmp/test.log']
1
[root@client ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.195.137 -k check_logs['/tmp/test.log']
0
注：在server端测试时，先将被监控端的/tmp/logseek删除
2.3创建监控项和触发器
创建监控项
创建触发器
2.4测试
此时还没有出现日志异常告警
我们手动触发一下告警
//向/tmp/test.log日志文件中添加Error
[root@centos2 tmp]# echo "Error" >> /tmp/test.log
[root@centos2 tmp]#
再次查看
查看邮箱
3.自定义监控mysql主从
3.1配置主库
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@CentOS8 ~]# setenforce 0
//安装mariadb服务
[root@CentOS8 ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
//设置服务开机自启
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@CentOS8 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
//设置mysql密码，并创建授权用户
[root@CentOS8 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('12345678');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'yyr'@'192.168.195.137' identified by 'yyr123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
//编辑配置文件
[root@CentOS8 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[root@CentOS8 ~]# grep -A7 '^\[mysqld' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
log-bin=mysql_bin //添加这两行
server-id=10
//修改配置文件后重启服务
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
[root@CentOS8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p12345678
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql_bin.000002 | 328 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
配置主库完成
3.2配置从库
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@centos2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@centos2 ~]# setenforce 0
//编辑配置文件
[root@centos2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[root@centos2 ~]# grep -A7 '^\[mysqld' /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
server-id=20 //添加入下两行
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
//修改配置文件后重启服务
[root@centos2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
//设置mysql密码
[root@centos2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('12345678');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.195.136',
-> master_user='yyr',
-> master_password='yyr123456',
-> master_log_file='mysql_bin.000002',
-> master_log_pos=328;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.195.136
Master_User: yyr
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 555
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //出现两个yes表示成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_Space: 864
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
Parallel_Mode: conservative
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Slave_DDL_Groups: 0
Slave_Non_Transactional_Groups: 0
Slave_Transactional_Groups: 0
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
ERROR: No query specified
MariaDB [(none)]>
3.3编写匹配mysql主从状态的脚本
[root@centos2 ~]# cd /script/
[root@centos2 script]# vim mysql_status.sh
[root@centos2 script]# cat mysql_status.sh
#!/bin/bash
count=$(mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e 'show slave status\G;' | grep -i 'running:' | grep -c 'Yes')
if [ $count -ne 2 ];then
echo '1'
else
echo '0'
fi
conut表示的是匹配到的Yes的个数，-c选项是匹配到关键词的个数，将结果写入判断，若有两个yes则打印0，表示主从状态没问题，若不为两个yes，则打印1表示主从状态有问题
3.4编辑被监控端配置文件
//创建自定义监控任务
[root@centos2 etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@centos2 etc]# tail -1 zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=check_mysql_status,/bin/bash /script/mysql_status.sh
//修改配置文件后需重启服务，重新去读配置文件
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl restart zabbix_agentd.service
//创建自定义监控任务后，我们需要在server端测试一下是否能够接收到被监控端的值
[root@client ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.195.137 -k check_mysql_status
0
3.5创建监控项和触发器
创建监控项
创建触发器
3.6测试
开启防火墙使主从状态断开联系，模拟告警
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service
[root@centos2 script]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e 'stop slave;'
[root@centos2 script]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e 'start slave;'
[root@centos2 script]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e 'show slave status\G;'
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.195.136
Master_User: yyr
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 555
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_Space: 1163
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 2003
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'yyr@192.168.195.136:3306' - retry-time: 60 maximum-retries: 86400 message: Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.195.136' (113 "No route to host")
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
Parallel_Mode: conservative
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Slave_DDL_Groups: 0
Slave_Non_Transactional_Groups: 0
Slave_Transactional_Groups: 0
成功触发
查看邮箱
4.自定义监控mysql延迟
获取mysql延迟的值，看的是show slave status\G;中Seconds_Behind_Master:的值
4.1编写获取show slave status\G;中Seconds_Behind_Master:的值的脚本
[root@centos2 script]# vim mysql_delay.sh
[root@centos2 script]# cat mysql_delay.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e 'show slave status\G' | grep 'Seconds_Behind_Master:' | awk '{print $NF}'
[root@centos2 script]# chmod +x mysql_delay.sh
4.2编辑被监控端的配置文件
//创建自定义监控任务
[root@centos2 etc]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@centos2 etc]# tail -1 zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=check_mysql_delay,/bin/bash /script/mysql_delay.sh
//修改配置文件后需重启服务，重新读取配置文件
[root@centos2 etc]# systemctl restart zabbix_agentd.service
//创建自定义监控任务后，我们需要在server端测试一下是否能够接收到被监控端的值
[root@client ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.195.137 -k check_mysql_delay
0
4.3创建监控项和触发器
创建监控项
创建触发器
4.4测试
当我们的数据量过大导致mysql延迟达到200一下则会告警
错误排查报告
//出现此类问题，提示我们权限被拒绝
[root@client ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.195.137 -k check_logs['/tmp/test.log']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/script/log.py", line 84, in <module>
result = getResult(sys.argv[1],seekfile,tagkey)
File "/script/log.py", line 73, in getResult
with open(seekfile,'w') as sf:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/tmp/logseek'
出现此问题的原因可能是我们说用到的文件已经被创建，而且是以管理员的身份创建（或其他用户身份），而我们用于监控的用户时zabbix，所以导致无权访问。
//解决方法：
将我们的要监控的日志文件和会用到的文件修改权限，让我们的zabbix用户能够访问。
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