STM32硬件I2C

以I2C2为例子

硬件I2C不需要我们手动去翻转电平

首先配置I2C：配置GPIO，配置复用功能I2C,配置复用开漏，使能I2C。

I2C起始条件函数

/* * @param  I2Cx: where x can be 1 or 2 to select the I2C peripheral.
  * @param  NewState: ENABLE or DISABLE.
*/
void I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx, FunctionalState NewState);

停止条件函数

/* * @param  I2Cx: where x can be 1 or 2 to select the I2C peripheral.
  * @param  NewState: ENABLE or DISABLE.
*/
void I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx, FunctionalState NewState);

收一个字节后，是否给从机应答

/* * @param  I2Cx: where x can be 1 or 2 to select the I2C peripheral.
  * @param  NewState: ENABLE or DISABLE.
*/
void I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx, FunctionalState NewState);

发数据函数,将数据写入dr寄存器中。

/* @param  I2Cx: where x can be 1 or 2 to select the I2C peripheral.
  * @param  Data: Byte to be transmitted.
*/
void I2C_SendData(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx, uint8_t Data);

接收数据函数，读取DR寄存器的数据，作为返回值，（移位寄存器传入数据寄存器）

/*  * @param  I2Cx: where x can be 1 or 2 to select the I2C peripheral.
  * @retval The value of the received data.
*/
uint8_t I2C_ReceiveData(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx);

发送7位地址函数，原理和发送数据相同，都是将数据写入到DR寄存器中，不同的是它给出了一位读写位

/*1：接收，0：传送*/
void I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx, uint8_t Address, uint8_t I2C_Direction);

状态监控函数：用于确保某些操作是否完成

初始化：

/*初始化*/
    //开启时钟
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2, ENABLE);
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
    //配置GPIO
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_OD;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10 | GPIO_Pin_11;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    //配置I2C
    I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;
    I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;//配置位i2c功能
    I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 50000;//时钟速率，随便给，不超过阈值即可，数值越大，传输越快,《=400kHz
    I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;//时钟占空比，小于100khz，都是1：1
    I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;//给应答
    I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;//STM32作为从机的地址长度
    I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x00;//STM32作为从机的地址
    I2C_Init(I2C2, &I2C_InitStructure);
    //使能I2C
    I2C_Cmd(I2C2, ENABLE);

写一个数据

    void I2C_WaitEvent(I2C_TypeDef* I2Cx, uint32_t I2C_EVENT)
{
    uint32_t Timeout;
    Timeout = 10000;
    while (I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT) != SUCCESS)
    {
        Timeout --;
        if (Timeout == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
void I3C_WriteReg(uint8_t RegAddress, uint8_t Data)
{
    I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C2, ENABLE);//生成起始条件
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT);/*检测EV5事件发生
    EV5事件：发送起始条件完成,其余的event事件均是同理*/
    I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C2, MPU6050_ADDRESS, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);//发送七位地址
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED);
    
    I2C_SendData(I2C2, RegAddress);//发送寄存器地址
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTING);
    
    I2C_SendData(I2C2, Data);//发送写入寄存器的数据
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED);
    
    I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C2, ENABLE);//停止信号
}

读一个数据：

/*先写一个寄存器的地址，在读寄存器的数据 */
uint8_t I2C_ReadReg(uint8_t RegAddress)
{
    uint8_t Data;
    I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C2, ENABLE);
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT);

    I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C2, MPU6050_ADDRESS, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED);

    I2C_SendData(I2C2, RegAddress);
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED);
    
    I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C2, ENABLE);
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT);
    
    I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C2, MPU6050_ADDRESS, I2C_Direction_Receiver);
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_RECEIVER_MODE_SELECTED);
    
    I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C2, DISABLE);
    I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C2, ENABLE);
    
    MPU6050_WaitEvent(I2C2, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_RECEIVED);
    Data = I2C_ReceiveData(I2C2);
    
    I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C2, ENABLE);
    
    return Data;
}