上官Linux学习第二天

一、链表

1.简介

        链表是物理存储单元上非连续的、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表的指针地址实现,有一系列结点(地址)组成,结点可动态的生成。

2.与数组的区别

(1)数组

        使用一块连续的内存空间地址去存放数据。

(2)链表

        使用多个不连续的内存空间去存储数据, 可以 节省内存资源(只有需要存储数据时,才去划分新的空间),对数据的增删比较方便。

        代码:

#include <stdio.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

int main()
{
        int arr[3]={1,2,3};
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);i++)
        {
                printf("%d  ",arr[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        struct Test t1 = {1,NULL};
        struct Test t2 = {2,NULL};
        struct Test t3 = {3,NULL};
        t1.next = &t2;
        t2.next = &t3;
        printf("use t1 to print three num \n");
        printf("%d %d %d\n",t1.data,t1.next -> data,t1.next->next -> data);
        return 0;
}
运行结果:

3.链表的静态添加和动态遍历

如果需要加一项内容,数组需要重新进行合适的数组,而链表可以直接进行链接即可

代码:
#include <stdio.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

void printlink(struct Test *head)
{
        while(head != NULL)
        {
                printf("%d  ",head->data);
                head = head->next;
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

int main()
{
        int arr[3]={1,2,3};
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);i++)
        {
                printf("%d  ",arr[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        struct Test t1 = {1,NULL};
        struct Test t2 = {2,NULL};
        struct Test t3 = {3,NULL};

        struct Test t4 = {4,NULL};
        struct Test t5 = {5,NULL};
        struct Test t6 = {6,NULL};

        t1.next = &t2;
        t2.next = &t3;
        t3.next = &t4;
        t4.next = &t5;
        t5.next = &t6;
        printf("use t1 to print three num \n");
        printlink(&t1);
        //printf("%d %d %d\n",t1.data,t1.next -> data,t1.next->next -> data);
        return 0;
}
运行结果:

4.链表的节点个数与查找

代码:
#include <stdio.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

void printlink(struct Test *head)
{
        while(head != NULL)
        {
                printf("%d  ",head->data);
                head = head->next;
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

int getlinkcount(struct Test *head)
{
        int cnt = 0;
        while(head != NULL)
        {
                cnt++;
                head = head->next;
        }
        return cnt;
}

int searchlink(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        while(head != NULL)
        {
                if(head->data = data)
                {
                        return 1;
                }
                head = head->next;
        }
        return 0;
}


int main()
{
        int arr[3]={1,2,3};
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);i++)
        {
                printf("%d  ",arr[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        struct Test t1 = {1,NULL};
        struct Test t2 = {2,NULL};
        struct Test t3 = {3,NULL};

        struct Test t4 = {4,NULL};
        struct Test t5 = {5,NULL};
        struct Test t6 = {6,NULL};

        t1.next = &t2;
        t2.next = &t3;
        t3.next = &t4;
        t4.next = &t5;
        t5.next = &t6;
        printf("use t1 to print three num \n");
        printlink(&t1);
        int ret = getlinkcount(&t1);
        printf("total number is:%d\n",ret);
        ret = searchlink(&t1,1);
        if(ret == 1)
        {
                printf("have 1\n");
        }else{
                printf("no 1\n");
        }

        //printf("%d %d %d\n",t1.data,t1.next -> data,t1.next->next -> data);
        return 0;
}
运行结果:

5.链表从指定节点后方插入

        通过将插入值(new)插入到前一个(3)的后端,让前一个(3)的下一个节点(4)赋给插入值(new),再将插入值(new)的节点赋给前一个(3)

代码:
#include <stdio.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

void printlink(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                printf("%d  ",p->data);
                p = p->next;
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

int getlinkcount(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        int cnt = 0;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                cnt++;
                p = p->next;
        }
        return cnt;
}

int searchlink(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data = data)
                {
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;
}

int insertlink(struct Test *head,int data,struct Test *new)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data == data ){
                        new->next = p->next;
                        p->next = new;
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;

}


int main()
{
        int arr[3]={1,2,3};
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);i++)
        {
                printf("%d  ",arr[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        struct Test t1 = {1,NULL};
        struct Test t2 = {2,NULL};
        struct Test t3 = {3,NULL};

        struct Test t4 = {4,NULL};
        struct Test t5 = {5,NULL};
        struct Test t6 = {6,NULL};

        t1.next = &t2;
        t2.next = &t3;
        t3.next = &t4;
        t4.next = &t5;
        t5.next = &t6;
        printf("use t1 to print three num \n");
        printlink(&t1);
        int ret = getlinkcount(&t1);
        printf("total number is:%d\n",ret);
        ret = searchlink(&t1,1);
        if(ret == 1)
        {
                printf("have 1\n");
        }else{
                printf("no 1\n");
        }
        struct Test new={100,NULL};
        insertlink(&t1,6,&new);
        puts("after insert is:");
        printlink(&t1);
        //printf("%d %d %d\n",t1.data,t1.next -> data,t1.next->next -> data);
        return 0;
}
运行结果:

6.链表删除节点

删除链表节点两种类型:

(1)删除头

 换头,直接指向下一个节点,以下一个节点作为头

(2)删除其他

  直接越过需要删除的这个链表节点,例如1,2,3;直接1,3

代码:
#include <stdio.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

void printlink(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                printf("%d  ",p->data);
                p = p->next;
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

int getlinkcount(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        int cnt = 0;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                cnt++;
                p = p->next;
        }
        return cnt;
}

int searchlink(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data = data)
                {
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;
}

int insertlink(struct Test *head,int data,struct Test *new)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data == data ){
                        new->next = p->next;
                        p->next = new;
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;

}

struct Test* deletNode(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        if(p->data == data){
                head = head->next;
                //free()p;
                return head;
        }
        while(p->next != NULL)
        {
                if(p->next->data == data)
                {
                        //strct Test *tmp = p;
                        p->next = p->next->next;
                        //free(tmp);
                        return head;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return head;
}
int main()
{
        struct Test *head = NULL;

        struct Test t1 = {1,NULL};
        struct Test t2 = {2,NULL};
        struct Test t3 = {3,NULL};

        struct Test t4 = {4,NULL};
        struct Test t5 = {5,NULL};
        struct Test t6 = {6,NULL};

        t1.next = &t2;
        t2.next = &t3;
        t3.next = &t4;
        t4.next = &t5;
        t5.next = &t6;

        head = &t1;

        printlink(head);

        head = deletNode(head,6);
        printlink(head);

        return 0;
}

运行结果:

7.动态创建

(1)头插法

代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

void printlink(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                printf("%d  ",p->data);
                p = p->next;
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

int getlinkcount(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        int cnt = 0;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                cnt++;
                p = p->next;
        }
        return cnt;
}

int searchlink(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data = data)
                {
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;

}

struct Test* deletNode(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        if(p->data == data){
                head = head->next;
                //free()p;
                return head;
        }
        while(p->next != NULL)
        {
                if(p->next->data == data)
                {
                        //strct Test *tmp = p;
                        p->next = p->next->next;
                        //free(tmp);
                        return head;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return head;
}

struct Test* insertFromHead(struct Test *head,struct Test *new)
{
        if(head == NULL)
        {
                head = new;
        }else{
                new->next = head;
                head = new;
        }
        return head;
}

struct Test *creatLink(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *new;
        while(1){
                new = (struct Test *)malloc(sizeof(struct Test));
                printf("input your new node data:\n");
                scanf("%d",&(new->data));
                if(new->data == 0)
                {
                        printf("0 quit\n");
                        free(new);
                        return head;
                }
                head = insertFromHead(head,new);
        }
}
int main()
{
        struct Test *head = NULL;
        head = creatLink(head);
        printlink(head);
        struct Test t1 = {100,NULL};
        head = insertFromHead(head,&t1);
        printlink(head);
    return 0;
}
   
运行结果:

(2)尾插法

通过尾部链表节点的特性 t5 = NULL就可以从尾部进行插入

 

代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Test
{
        int data;
        struct Test *next;
};

void printlink(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                printf("%d  ",p->data);
                p = p->next;
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

int getlinkcount(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        int cnt = 0;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                cnt++;
                p = p->next;
        }
        return cnt;
}

int searchlink(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data = data)
                                               
                {
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;
}

int insertlink(struct Test *head,int data,struct Test *new)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        while(p != NULL)
        {
                if(p->data == data ){
                        new->next = p->next;
                        p->next = new;
                        return 1;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return 0;

}

struct Test* deletNode(struct Test *head,int data)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        if(p->data == data){
                head = head->next;
                //free()p;
                return head;
        }
        while(p->next != NULL)
        {
                if(p->next->data == data)
                {
                        //strct Test *tmp = p;
                        p->next = p->next->next;
                        //free(tmp);
                        return head;
                }
                p = p->next;
        }
        return head;
}

struct Test* insertFromHead(struct Test *head,struct Test *new)
{
        if(head == NULL)
        {
                head = new;
        }else{
                new->next = head;
                head = new;
        }
        return head;
}

struct Test *creatLink(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *new;
        while(1){
                new = (struct Test *)malloc(sizeof(struct Test));
                printf("input your new node data:\n");
                scanf("%d",&(new->data));
                if(new->data == 0)
                {
                        printf("0 quit\n");
                        free(new);
                        return head;
                }
                head = insertFromHead(head,new);
        }
}
struct Test* insertFromBehind(struct Test *head,struct Test *new)
{
        struct Test *p = head;
        if(p == NULL)
        {
                head = new;
                return head;

        }
        while(p->next != NULL){
                p = p->next;
        }
        p->next = new;
        return head;
}

struct Test *creatLink2(struct Test *head)
{
        struct Test *new;
        while(1){
                new = (struct Test *)malloc(sizeof(struct Test));
                printf("input your new node data:\n");
                scanf("%d",&(new->data));
                if(new->data == 0)
                {
                        printf("0 quit\n");
                        free(new);
                        return head;
                }
                head = insertFromBehind(head,new);
        }
}

int main()
{
        struct Test *head = NULL;
        head = creatLink(head);
        printlink(head);
        struct Test t1 = {100,NULL};
        head = insertFromHead(head,&t1);
        printlink(head);

        struct Test t2 = {200,NULL};
        head = insertFromBehind(head,&t2);
        printlink(head);
        return 0;
}
运行结果:

1为第一种创建链表方式

2为第二种创建链表方式

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