智能垃圾桶
背景
随着人们对环境保护意识的不断提高,垃圾分类已经成为了全球范围内的一个热门话题。为了提高垃圾分类的效率和准确性,我们开发了一款基于单片机的智能垃圾桶,它能够自动识别垃圾种类并进行分类。
原理
智能垃圾桶的原理是通过内置的传感器和单片机控制系统,识别垃圾种类并进行分类。我们采用了图像处理技术和机器学习算法,使用OpenCV和TensorFlow框架构建了一个卷积神经网络(CNN)模型。该模型通过训练数据集,学习垃圾图像的特征,从而能够准确地识别垃圾种类。
代码
以下是我们使用的Arduino代码,用于控制智能垃圾桶的传感器和执行分类操作:
#include <Servo.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <TensorFlowLite.h>
#include <tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/kernels/all_ops_resolver.h>
#include <tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/micro_error_reporter.h>
#include <tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/micro_interpreter.h>
#include <tensorflow/lite/schema/schema_generated.h>
#include <tensorflow/lite/version.h>
#define OLED_RESET 4
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_RESET);
#define SERVO_PIN 5
Servo myservo;
#define TRIGGER_PIN 6
#define ECHO_PIN 7
#define MAX_DISTANCE 200
SoftwareSerial mySerial(8, 9); // RX, TX
const int kNumCols = 128;
const int kNumRows = 128;
const int kNumChannels = 3;
const int kTensorArenaSize = 60 * 1024;
uint8_t tensor_arena[kTensorArenaSize];
const char* labels[] = {"cardboard", "glass", "metal", "paper", "plastic", "trash"};
const tflite::Model* model = tflite::GetModel(garbage_classification_tflite);
tflite::MicroErrorReporter micro_error_reporter;
tflite::MicroInterpreter* interpreter = nullptr;
TfLiteTensor* input = nullptr;
TfLiteTensor* output = nullptr;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
myservo.attach(SERVO_PIN);
pinMode(TRIGGER_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C);
display.clearDisplay();
display.display();
mySerial.begin(9600);
static tflite::MicroOpResolver<6> micro_op_resolver;
micro_op_resolver.AddConv2D();
micro_op_resolver.AddMaxPool2D();
micro_op_resolver.AddReshape();
micro_op_resolver.AddFullyConnected();
micro_op_resolver.AddSoftmax();
micro_op_resolver.AddQuantize();
static tflite::MicroInterpreter static_interpreter(
model, micro_op_resolver, tensor_arena, kTensorArenaSize, µ_error_reporter);
interpreter = &static_interpreter;
interpreter->AllocateTensors();
input = interpreter->input(0);
output = interpreter->output(0);
}
void loop() {
long duration, distance;
digitalWrite(TRIGGER_PIN, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(TRIGGER_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(TRIGGER_PIN, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
distance = duration / 58;
if (distance <= MAX_DISTANCE) {
myservo.write(90);
delay(500);
uint8_t image[kNumCols * kNumRows * kNumChannels];
for (int i = 0; i < kNumCols * kNumRows * kNumChannels; i++) {
image[i] = mySerial.read();
}
for (int i = 0; i < kNumCols * kNumRows * kNumChannels; i++) {
input->data.int8[i] = (image[i] - 128) / 128.0f;
}
TfLiteStatus invoke_status = interpreter->Invoke();
if (invoke_status != kTfLiteOk) {
Serial.println("Invoke failed!");
return;
}
int max_index = 0;
float max_value = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
float value = output->data.f[i];
if (value > max_value) {
max_value = value;
max_index = i;
}
}
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(1);
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
display.setCursor(0, 0);
display.println("Detected:");
display.println(labels[max_index]);
display.display();
} else {
myservo.write(0);
}
}
总结
基于单片机的智能垃圾桶,通过使用图像处理技术和机器学习算法,实现了对垃圾种类的自动识别和分类。该项目的实现过程中,我们使用了Arduino开发板和TensorFlowLite框架,构建了一个卷积神经网络模型,通过传感器获取垃圾图像,并将其输入到模型中进行分类。未来,基于单片机的智能垃圾桶的应用前景将会越来越广阔,为城市环境保护事业做出更大的贡献。