【计算机图形学】图形变换（以任意直线为对称轴的对称变换）

模块3-2 图形变换

一 实验目的

1. 编写图形各种变换的算法

二 实验内容

1：任意直线的对称变换。要求将变换矩阵写在实验报告中，并与代码匹配。求对任意直线Ax+By+C=0的对称变换矩阵。

实验结果如下图所示：

1：预设图形初始化

2：鼠标左键点击直线起点

3：鼠标右键点击直线终点

4：继续添加对称情况

求对任意直线Ax+By+C=0的对称变换矩阵：

对于任意直线Ax + By + C = 0，对称变换矩阵为M = (1-2A^2/(A^2+B^2), -2AB/(A^2+B^2), -2AC/(A^2+B^2); -2AB/(A^2+B^2), 1-2B^2/(A^2+B^2), -2BC/(A^2+B^2); 0, 0, 1)，其中A和B不同时为0。

1-2A^2/(A^2+B^2)	-2AB/(A^2+B^2)	-2AC/(A^2+B^2)
-2AB/(A^2+B^2)	1-2B^2/(A^2+B^2)	-2BC/(A^2+B^2)
0	0	1

三 程序说明

最终的实验代码如下表所示：

1题

// // 程序名称：任意直线对称变换 // 功    能：实现图形以任意直线为基准的对称变换 // 编译环境：VS2019，EasyX_20220116 // 最后修改：2022-4-7 #include <graphics.h> #include <conio.h> #include <iostream> #include <math.h> using namespace std; double points[4][2] = { {150,150},{150,300},{300,300},{300,150} }; const double newpoints[4][2] = { {150,150},{150,300},{300,300},{300,150} }; int num = 4, dimension = 3; #define PI 3.1415927 //旋转变换 void rotate(double degree); //平移变换 void trans(double tx, double ty); //矩阵乘法 void mutiply(double a[5][5], int ar, int ac, double b[5][5], int br, int bc); //画图函数 void paint(); //任意对称变换 void anysymmetry(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2); //坐标轴对称变换 void symmetry(int flag); void anysymmetry(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     double k = 0, b = 0;     if (x1 == x2) {          trans(-x1, 0);          symmetry(1);          trans(x1, 0);     }     else if (y1 == y2) {          trans(0, -y1);          symmetry(0);          trans(0, y1);     }     else {          k = 1.0 * (y1 - y2) / (x1 - x2);          b = y1 - k * x1;          trans(0, -b);          rotate(-atan(k) * 180 * 1.0 / PI);          symmetry(0);          rotate(atan(k) * 180 * 1.0 / PI);          trans(0, b);     } } void symmetry(int flag) {     int i;     if (flag == 0) {          for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {              points[i][1] = -points[i][1];          }     }     else if (flag == 1) {          for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {              points[i][0] = -points[i][0];          }     }     else {          return;     } } void paint() {     for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {          if (i == num - 1) {              line(int(points[i][0]), int(points[i][1]), int(points[0][0]), int(points[0][1]));              break;          }          line(int(points[i][0]), int(points[i][1]), int(points[i + 1][0]), int(points[i + 1][1]));     } } void rotate(double degree) {     double sita = 1.0 * degree / 180 * PI;     double R[5][5] = { {cos(sita),-sin(sita),0},{sin(sita),cos(sita),0},{0,0,1.0} };     double point[5][5];     int i;     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {          point[0][0] = 1.0 * points[i][0];          point[1][0] = 1.0 * points[i][1];          point[2][0] = 1;          mutiply(R, dimension, dimension, point, dimension, 1);          points[i][0] = point[0][0];          points[i][1] = point[1][0];     } } void trans(double tx, double ty) {     double T[5][5] = { {1,0,tx},{0,1,ty},{0,0,1} };     double point[5][5];     int i;     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {          point[0][0] = 1.0 * points[i][0];          point[1][0] = 1.0 * points[i][1];          point[2][0] = 1;          mutiply(T, dimension, dimension, point, dimension, 1);          points[i][0] = point[0][0];          points[i][1] = point[1][0];     } } void mutiply(double a[5][5], int ar, int ac, double b[5][5], int br, int bc) {     int i, j, k;     double c[5][5];     for (i = 0; i < ar; i++) {          for (j = 0; j < bc; j++) {              c[i][j] = 0;          }     }     for (i = 0; i < ar; i++) {          for (j = 0; j < bc; j++) {              for (k = 0; k < ac; k++) {                   c[i][j] += 1.0 * a[i][k] * b[k][j];              }          }     }     for (i = 0; i < ar; i++) {          for (j = 0; j < bc; j++) {              b[i][j] = c[i][j];          }     } } int main() {     initgraph(1000, 800);     ExMessage m;     //绘画初始矩形     setcolor(WHITE);     rectangle(points[0][0], points[0][1], points[2][0], points[2][1]);     int x0, y0, x1, y1;     while (1) {          m = getmessage(EX_MOUSE | EX_KEY);          switch (m.message) {              case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:                   x0 = m.x;                   y0 = m.y;                   //画直线起点                   setlinecolor(WHITE);                   setfillcolor(GREEN);                   fillrectangle(m.x - 3, m.y - 3, m.x + 3, m.y + 3);                   break;              case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:                   x1 = m.x;                   y1 = m.y;                   //画直线终点                   setlinecolor(WHITE);                   setfillcolor(GREEN);                   fillrectangle(m.x - 3, m.y - 3, m.x + 3, m.y + 3);                   //处理直线                   line(x0, y0, x1, y1);                   anysymmetry(x0, y0, x1, y1);                   paint();                   for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {                       points[0][0] = newpoints[0][0];                       points[0][1] = newpoints[0][1];                       points[1][0] = newpoints[1][0];                       points[1][1] = newpoints[1][1];                       points[2][0] = newpoints[2][0];                       points[2][1] = newpoints[2][1];                       points[3][0] = newpoints[3][0];                       points[3][1] = newpoints[3][1];                   }                   break;              case WM_KEYDOWN:                   if (m.vkcode == VK_ESCAPE) {                       return 0;                   }         }     }     _getch();     closegraph();     return 0; }