Scrapy框架详解2，入门级项目实战“爬取某瓣电影”~

目标数据要求：

1. 豆瓣电影250个电影信息
2. 电影信息为：电影名字,导演信息(可以包含演员信息),评分
3. 将电影信息直接本地保存
4. 将电影信息通过管道进行保存

爬虫文件

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copy # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import json import scrapy from ..items import DbItem #是一个安全的字典 class Db250Spider(scrapy.Spider):#继承基础类 name = 'db250' #爬虫文件名字 必须存在且唯一 # allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com'] #允许的域名 可以不存在 不存在 任何域名都可以 start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250']#初始url 必须要存在 page_num=0 def parse(self, response):#解析函数 处理响应数据 node_list=response.xpath('//div[@class="info"]') with open("film.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") as f: for node in node_list: #电影名字 # extract 新的知识 film_name=node.xpath("./div/a/span/text()").extract()[0] #导演信息 director_name=node.xpath("./div/p/text()").extract()[0].strip() #评分 score=node.xpath('./div/div/span[@property="v:average"]/text()').extract()[0] #非管道存储 item={} item["item_pipe"]=film_name item["director_name"]=director_name item["score"]=score content=json.dumps(item,ensure_ascii=False) f.write(content+"\n") #使用管道存储 item_pipe=DbItem() #创建Dbitem对象 当成字典来使用 item_pipe['film_name']=film_name item_pipe['director_name']=director_name item_pipe['score']=score yield item_pipe #发送新一页的请求 #构造url self.page_num += 1 if self.page_num==3: return page_url="https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={}&filter=".format(self.page_num*25) yield scrapy.Request(page_url) #page页规律 "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=25&filter=" "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=50&filter=" "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=75&filter="

items文件

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copy import scrapy class DbItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() film_name=scrapy.Field() director_name=scrapy.Field() score=scrapy.Field()

piplines文件

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copy import json class DbPipeline(object): def open_spider(self,spider): #爬虫文件开启,此方法执行 self.f=open("film_pipe.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") def process_item(self, item, spider): json_data=json.dumps(dict(item),ensure_ascii=False)+"\n" self.f.write(json_data) return item def close_spider(self,spider): # 爬虫文件关闭,此方法执行 self.f.close() #关闭文件

settings文件

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copy # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for db project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'db' SPIDER_MODULES = ['db.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'db.spiders' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent #USER_AGENT = 'db (+http://www.yourdomain.com)' # Obey robots.txt rules ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs #DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) #COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers: DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'en', "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36" } # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'db.middlewares.DbSpiderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'db.middlewares.DbDownloaderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable extensions # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html #EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, #} # Configure item pipelines # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'db.pipelines.DbPipeline': 300, } # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

项目注意事项

1. settings文件中 项目默认的是 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True,即遵循robots协议,则不能爬取到数据,则更改为 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
2. settings中,有些网站需要添加User-Agent ,才能获取到数据 (伪装成客户端)
3. settings中,需要将管道打开,才可以将数据传递到pipelines文件中
4. items中需要设置相应的字段,使用Item对象传递数据,(可以理解为mysql先定义字段,才能写入数据一样)

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