‌在Ubuntu系统中使用pip安装virtualenv时遇到“externally-managed-environment”错误

‌在Ubuntu系统中使用pip安装virtualenv时遇到“externally-managed-environment”错误

bjdsh@ubuntu:~$ pip install virtualenv
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

表明Python环境由系统外部管理‌。以下是几种解决方法：

1.使用系统包管理器安装‌：

可以使用Ubuntu的系统包管理器apt来安装Python库，例如：

sudo apt install python3-virtualenv

2.创建Python虚拟环境‌：

安装python3-venv包（如果尚未安装）：

sudo apt install python3-venv

创建一个新的虚拟环境：

python3 -m venv myenv

激活虚拟环境：

source myenv/bin/activate

在虚拟环境中使用pip安装所需的包：

pip install virtualenv

3.使用pipx安装应用程序‌：

安装pipx：

sudo apt install pipx

使用pipx安装所需的Python应用程序：

pipx install virtualenv

这些方法可以帮助你解决在Ubuntu系统中使用pip安装virtualenv时遇到的“externally-managed-environment”错误。‌