结构型模式- 装饰模式

装饰模式（Decorator Pattern），不改变原有对象的前提下，动态地给一个对象增加一些额外的功能。

// 抽象组件
interface Pizza {
    String make();
}

// 具体组件
class PlainPizza implements Pizza {
    @Override
    public String make() {
        return "Plain Pizza";
    }
}

// 抽象装饰类
abstract class PizzaDecorator implements Pizza {
    protected Pizza pizza;

    public PizzaDecorator(Pizza pizza) {
        this.pizza = pizza;
    }

    public String make() {
        return pizza.make();
    }
}

// 具体装饰类
class CheesePizzaDecorator extends PizzaDecorator {
    public CheesePizzaDecorator(Pizza pizza) {
        super(pizza);
    }

    public String make() {
        return pizza.make() + " + Cheese";
    }
}

// 具体装饰类
class TomatoPizzaDecorator extends PizzaDecorator {
    public TomatoPizzaDecorator(Pizza pizza) {
        super(pizza);
    }

    public String make() {
        return pizza.make() + " + Tomato";
    }
}

// 使用装饰器
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pizza pizza = new TomatoPizzaDecorator(new CheesePizzaDecorator(new PlainPizza()));
        System.out.println(pizza.make());  // 输出：Plain Pizza + Cheese + Tomato
    }
}