一、VGA实现
1、实现代码
data_drive.v
module data_drive (input wire vga_clk,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [ 11:0 ] addr_h,
input wire [ 11:0 ] addr_v,
input wire [ 2:0 ] key,
output reg [ 23:0 ] rgb_data);
localparam orange = 24'd16750899; // 11111100_11111111_00001000
localparam yellow = 24'd16776960; // 11111111_11111111_10000000
localparam green = 24'd65280; // 00111111_11111111_00000000
localparam blue = 24'd255; // 00000001_11111111_00000000
localparam indigo = 24'd10027161; // 01111100_10000000_00000000
localparam purple = 24'd16738047; // 00001111_11111111_00000000
localparam white = 24'd16777215; // 11111111_11111111_11111111
localparam black = 24'd0; // 00000000_00000000_00000000
localparam red = 24'd16711936; // 11111111_11111111_11110000
// 分辨率为 640*480 时行时序各个参数定义
parameter C_H_SYNC_PULSE = 96 ,
C_H_BACK_PORCH = 48 ,
C_H_ACTIVE_TIME = 640 ,
C_H_FRONT_PORCH = 16 ,
C_H_LINE_PERIOD = 800 ;
// 分辨率为 640*480 时场时序各个参数定义
parameter C_V_SYNC_PULSE = 2 ,
C_V_BACK_PORCH = 33 ,
C_V_ACTIVE_TIME = 480 ,
C_V_FRONT_PORCH = 10 ,
C_V_FRAME_PERIOD = 525 ;
reg [11:0] x;
reg [11:0] y;
reg turn_flag_x;
reg turn_flag_y;
//方块的长和宽
parameter LENGTH1 = 200;
parameter WIDTH1 = 200;
reg frame_flag; //帧结束标志
//帧结束标志
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
frame_flag <= 1'b0;
end
else if ((addr_h == 23) && (addr_v == 23)) begin
frame_flag <= 1'b1;
end
else begin
frame_flag <= 1'b0;
end
end
//变量y
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
y <= 'd0;
end
else if ((turn_flag_y == 1'b0 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && (y == 480 - WIDTH1 - 1)) || (turn_flag_y == 1'b1 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && (y == 'd0)))begin
y <= y;
end
else if (turn_flag_y == 1'b0 && frame_flag == 1'b1) begin
y <= y + 1'b1;
end
else if (turn_flag_y == 1'b1 && frame_flag == 1'b1) begin
y <= y - 1'b1;
end
end
//位置变量y翻转标志
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
turn_flag_y <= 1'b0;
end
else if ((y == 480 - WIDTH1 - 1) && frame_flag == 1'b1 && turn_flag_y == 1'b0) begin
turn_flag_y <= 1'b1;
end
else if (y == 'd0 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && turn_flag_y == 1'b1) begin
turn_flag_y <= 1'b0;
end
end
//变量x
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
x <= 'd0;
end
else if((turn_flag_x == 1'b0 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && x == (640 - LENGTH1 - 1'b1)) || (turn_flag_x == 1'b1 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && x == 'd0)) begin
x <= x;
end
else if (turn_flag_x == 1'b0 && frame_flag == 1'b1) begin
x <= x + 1'b1;
end
else if (turn_flag_x == 1'b1 && frame_flag == 1'b1) begin
x <= x - 1'b1;
end
end
//位置变量x翻转标志
always @(posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
turn_flag_x <= 1'b0;
end
else if (turn_flag_x == 1'b0 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && x == 640 - LENGTH1 - 1'b1) begin
turn_flag_x <= 1'b1;
end
else if (turn_flag_x == 1'b1 && frame_flag == 1'b1 && x == 'd0) begin
turn_flag_x <= 1'b0;
end
end
reg [ 447:0 ] char_line[ 64:0 ];
localparam states_1 = 1; // 彩条
localparam states_2 = 2; // 字符
localparam states_3 = 3; // 图片
parameter height = 400; // 图片高度
parameter width = 400; // 图片宽度
reg [ 1:0 ] states_current ; // 当前状态
reg [ 1:0 ] states_next ; // 下个状态
reg [ 17:0 ] rom_address ; // ROM地址
wire [ 23:0 ] rom_data ; // 图片数据
wire flag_enable_out1 ; // 文字有效区域
wire flag_enable_out2 ; // 图片有效区域
wire flag_clear_rom_address ; // 地址清零
wire flag_begin_h ; // 图片显示行
wire flag_begin_v ; // 图片显示列
//状态转移
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
states_current <= states_1;
end
else begin
states_current <= states_next;
end
end
//状态判断
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
states_next <= states_1;
end
else if ( key[ 0 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_1;
end
else if ( key[ 1 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_2;
end
else if ( key[ 2 ] ) begin
states_next <= states_3;
end
else begin
states_next <= states_next;
end
end
//状态输出
always @( * ) begin
case ( states_current )
states_1 : begin
if ( addr_h == 0 ) begin
rgb_data = black;
end
else if(addr_h >= C_H_SYNC_PULSE + C_H_BACK_PORCH + x && addr_h < C_H_SYNC_PULSE + C_H_BACK_PORCH + x + LENGTH1 && addr_v >= C_V_SYNC_PULSE + C_V_BACK_PORCH + y && addr_v < C_V_SYNC_PULSE + C_V_BACK_PORCH + y + WIDTH1)
rgb_data = white;
else if ( addr_h >0 && addr_h <81 ) begin
rgb_data = red;
end
else if ( addr_h >80 && addr_h <161 ) begin
rgb_data = orange;
end
else if ( addr_h >160 && addr_h <241 ) begin
rgb_data = yellow;
end
else if ( addr_h >240 && addr_h <321 ) begin
rgb_data = green;
end
else if ( addr_h >320 && addr_h <401 ) begin
rgb_data = blue;
end
else if ( addr_h >400 && addr_h <481 ) begin
rgb_data = indigo;
end
else if ( addr_h >480 && addr_h <561 ) begin
rgb_data = purple;
end
else if ( addr_h >560 && addr_h <641 ) begin
rgb_data = white;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
states_2 : begin
if ( flag_enable_out1 ) begin
rgb_data = char_line[ addr_v-208 ][ 532 - addr_h ]? white:black;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
states_3 : begin
if ( flag_enable_out2 ) begin
rgb_data = rom_data;
end
else begin
rgb_data = black;
end
end
default: begin
case ( addr_h )
0 : rgb_data = black;
1 : rgb_data = red;
81 : rgb_data = orange;
161: rgb_data = yellow;
241: rgb_data = green;
321: rgb_data = blue;
401: rgb_data = indigo;
481: rgb_data = purple;
561: rgb_data = white;
default: rgb_data = rgb_data;
endcase
end
endcase
end
assign flag_enable_out1 = states_current == states_2 && addr_h > 80 && addr_h < 80+448+1 && addr_v > 208 && addr_v < 273 ;
assign flag_begin_h = addr_h > ( ( 640 - width ) / 2 ) && addr_h < ( ( 640 - width ) / 2 ) + width + 1;
assign flag_begin_v = addr_v > ( ( 480 - height )/2 ) && addr_v <( ( 480 - height )/2 ) + height + 1;
assign flag_enable_out2 = states_current == states_3 && flag_begin_h && flag_begin_v;
//ROM地址计数器
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
rom_address <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_clear_rom_address || key[ 2 ] ) begin //计数满清零
rom_address <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_out2 ) begin //在有效区域内+1
rom_address <= rom_address + 1;
end
else begin //无效区域保持
rom_address <= rom_address;
end
end
assign flag_clear_rom_address = rom_address == height * width - 1;
//初始化显示文字
always@( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
//此处为要显示的字符数据
char_line[i] = ;
end
end
//实例化ROM
ROM1 ROM1_inst (
.address ( rom_address ),
.clock ( vga_clk ),
.q ( rom_data )
);
endmodule // data_drive
key_debounce.v
module key_debounce(
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire key,
output reg flag,// 0抖动, 1抖动结束
output reg key_value//key抖动结束后的值
);
parameter MAX_NUM = 20'd1_000_000;
reg [19:0] delay_cnt;//1_000_000
reg key_reg;//key上一次的值
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
key_reg <= 1;
delay_cnt <= 0;
end
else begin
key_reg <= key;
//当key为1 key 为0 表示按下抖动,开始计时
if(key_reg != key ) begin
delay_cnt <= MAX_NUM ;
end
else begin
if(delay_cnt > 0)
delay_cnt <= delay_cnt -1;
else
delay_cnt <= 0;
end
end
end
//当计时完成,获取key的值
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n) begin
flag <= 0;
key_value <= 1;
end
else begin
// 计时完成 处于稳定状态,进行赋值
if(delay_cnt == 1) begin
flag <= 1;
key_value <= key;
end
else begin
flag <= 0;
key_value <= key_value;
end
end
end
endmodule
top.v
module top(
input wire clk,
input wire rst_n,
input wire [ 2:0 ] key,
output wire vga_clk,
output wire h_sync,
output wire v_sync,
output wire [ 7:0 ] rgb_r,
output wire [ 7:0 ] rgb_g,
output wire [ 7:0 ] rgb_b,
output reg [ 3:0 ] led);
reg [ 27:0 ] cnt ;
wire [ 11:0 ] addr_h ;
wire [ 11:0 ] addr_v ;
wire [ 23:0 ] rgb_data ;
wire [ 2:0 ] key_flag ;
wire [ 2:0 ] key_value ;
//vga模块
vga_dirve u_vga_dirve(
.clk ( clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.rgb_data ( rgb_data ),
.vga_clk ( vga_clk ),
.h_sync ( h_sync ),
.v_sync ( v_sync ),
.rgb_r ( rgb_r ),
.rgb_g ( rgb_g ),
.rgb_b ( rgb_b ),
.addr_h ( addr_h ),
.addr_v ( addr_v )
);
//数据模块
data_drive u_data_drive(
.vga_clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.addr_h ( addr_h ),
.addr_v ( addr_v ),
.key ( {key_value[ 2 ] && key_flag[ 2 ], key_value[ 1 ] && key_flag[ 1 ], key_value[ 0 ] && key_flag[ 0 ] } ),
.rgb_data ( rgb_data )
);
//按键消抖
key_debounce u_key_debounce0(
.clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.key ( key[ 0 ] ),
.flag ( key_flag[ 0 ] ),
.key_value ( key_value[ 0 ] )
);
key_debounce u_key_debounce1(
.clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.key ( key[ 1 ] ),
.flag ( key_flag[ 1 ] ),
.key_value ( key_value[ 1 ] )
);
key_debounce u_key_debounce2(
.clk ( vga_clk ),
.rst_n ( rst_n ),
.key ( key[ 2 ] ),
.flag ( key_flag[ 2 ] ),
.key_value ( key_value[ 2 ] )
);
// led
always @( posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt == 50_000_000 - 1 ) begin
cnt <= 0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt + 1;
end
end
always @( posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
led <= 4'b0000;
end
else if ( cnt == 50_000_000 -1 )begin
led <= ~led;
end
else begin
led <= led;
end
end
endmodule // vga_top
vga_dirve.v
module vga_dirve (input wire clk, //系统时钟
input wire rst_n, //复位
input wire [ 23:0 ] rgb_data, //16位RGB对应值
output wire vga_clk, //vga时钟 25M
output reg h_sync, //行同步信号
output reg v_sync, //场同步信号
output reg [ 11:0 ] addr_h, //行地址
output reg [ 11:0 ] addr_v, //列地址
output wire [ 7:0 ] rgb_r, //红基色
output wire [ 7:0 ] rgb_g, //绿基色
output wire [ 7:0 ] rgb_b //蓝基色
);
// 640 * 480 60HZ
localparam H_FRONT = 16; // 行同步前沿信号周期长
localparam H_SYNC = 96; // 行同步信号周期长
localparam H_BLACK = 48; // 行同步后沿信号周期长
localparam H_ACT = 640; // 行显示周期长
localparam V_FRONT = 11; // 场同步前沿信号周期长
localparam V_SYNC = 2; // 场同步信号周期长
localparam V_BLACK = 31; // 场同步后沿信号周期长
localparam V_ACT = 480; // 场显示周期长
// 800 * 600 72HZ
// localparam H_FRONT = 40; // 行同步前沿信号周期长
// localparam H_SYNC = 120; // 行同步信号周期长
// localparam H_BLACK = 88; // 行同步后沿信号周期长
// localparam H_ACT = 800; // 行显示周期长
// localparam V_FRONT = 37; // 场同步前沿信号周期长
// localparam V_SYNC = 6; // 场同步信号周期长
// localparam V_BLACK = 23; // 场同步后沿信号周期长
// localparam V_ACT = 600; // 场显示周期长
localparam H_TOTAL = H_FRONT + H_SYNC + H_BLACK + H_ACT; // 行周期
localparam V_TOTAL = V_FRONT + V_SYNC + V_BLACK + V_ACT; // 列周期
reg [ 11:0 ] cnt_h ; // 行计数器
reg [ 11:0 ] cnt_v ; // 场计数器
reg [ 23:0 ] rgb ; // 对应显示颜色值
// 对应计数器开始、结束、计数信号
wire flag_enable_cnt_h ;
wire flag_clear_cnt_h ;
wire flag_enable_cnt_v ;
wire flag_clear_cnt_v ;
wire flag_add_cnt_v ;
wire valid_area ;
// 25M时钟 行周期*场周期*刷新率 = 800 * 525* 60
wire clk_25 ;
// 50M时钟 1040 * 666 * 72
wire clk_50 ;
//
pll pll_inst (
.areset ( ~rst_n ),
.inclk0 ( clk ),
.c0 ( clk_50 ), //50M
.c1 ( clk_25 ), //25M
);
//根据不同分配率选择不同频率时钟
assign vga_clk = clk_25;
// 行计数
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_cnt_h ) begin
if ( flag_clear_cnt_h ) begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
else begin
cnt_h <= cnt_h + 1;
end
end
else begin
cnt_h <= 0;
end
end
assign flag_enable_cnt_h = 1;
assign flag_clear_cnt_h = cnt_h == H_TOTAL - 1;
// 行同步信号
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
h_sync <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt_h == H_SYNC - 1 ) begin // 同步周期时为1
h_sync <= 1;
end
else if ( flag_clear_cnt_h ) begin // 其余为0
h_sync <= 0;
end
else begin
h_sync <= h_sync;
end
end
// 场计数
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_enable_cnt_v ) begin
if ( flag_clear_cnt_v ) begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
else if ( flag_add_cnt_v ) begin
cnt_v <= cnt_v + 1;
end
else begin
cnt_v <= cnt_v;
end
end
else begin
cnt_v <= 0;
end
end
assign flag_enable_cnt_v = flag_enable_cnt_h;
assign flag_clear_cnt_v = cnt_v == V_TOTAL - 1;
assign flag_add_cnt_v = flag_clear_cnt_h;
// 场同步信号
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
v_sync <= 0;
end
else if ( cnt_v == V_SYNC - 1 ) begin
v_sync <= 1;
end
else if ( flag_clear_cnt_v ) begin
v_sync <= 0;
end
else begin
v_sync <= v_sync;
end
end
// 对应有效区域行地址 1-640
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
addr_h <= 0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
addr_h <= cnt_h - H_SYNC - H_BLACK + 1;
end
else begin
addr_h <= 0;
end
end
// 对应有效区域列地址 1-480
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
addr_v <= 0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
addr_v <= cnt_v -V_SYNC - V_BLACK + 1;
end
else begin
addr_v <= 0;
end
end
// 有效显示区域
assign valid_area = cnt_h >= H_SYNC + H_BLACK && cnt_h <= H_SYNC + H_BLACK + H_ACT && cnt_v >= V_SYNC + V_BLACK && cnt_v <= V_SYNC + V_BLACK + V_ACT;
// 显示颜色
always @( posedge vga_clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if ( !rst_n ) begin
rgb <= 24'h0;
end
else if ( valid_area ) begin
rgb <= rgb_data;
end
else begin
rgb <= 24'b0;
end
end
assign rgb_r = rgb[ 23:16 ];
assign rgb_g = rgb[ 15:8 ];
assign rgb_b = rgb[ 7:0 ];
endmodule // vga_dirve
2、添加IP核
在项目中添加ALTPLL
添加ROM
将要显示的图片转换为hex文件
选择刚生成的hex文件
3、运行结果
编译通过了，但是暂未运行，
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