HarmonyOS开发实战：音频操作-OHAudio

1：场景描述

场景：基于OHAudio模块实现音频录制和播放功能，带监听音频打断实现使用OH_AudioCapturer接口录制音频生成PCM文件写入到文件保存到沙箱路径，再使用OH_AudioRenderer接口播放音频文件，并监听音频打断

使用的核心API：

AudioCapturer：音频采集，用于录制PCM音频数据。

AudioRenderer：音频渲染，用于播放PCM音频数据。

OHAudio：提供音频模块C接口定义。

2：方案描述

场景一：普通录制和播放实现

Step1：导入audio模块, 引入OHAudio头文件， 提供播放和录制能力的API

Step2：使用OH_AudioCapturer接口录制功能实现

Step3：使用OH_AudioRenderer接口播放功能实现

Step4：监听音频打断实现

场景二：低时延模式录制和低时延播放实现

可以将普通录制和播放切换为低时延录制和低时延播放

效果如下：

场景：普通录制和播放实现

具体步骤如下：

步骤一：导入audio模块, 引入OHAudio头文件， 提供播放和录制能力的API

引入音频库和动态链接库

import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

import audioPlayer from 'libentry.so'

动态链接库audioPlayer里面声明相关函数定义

export const audioCapturerLowLatencyInit: () => void;

export const audioCapturerStart: () => void;

export const audioCapturerPause: () => void;

export const audioCapturerStop: () => void;

export const audioCapturerRelease: () => void;

export const audioRendererInit: () => void;

export const audioRendererLowLatencyInit: () => void;

export const audioRendererStart: () => void;

export const audioRendererPause: () => void;

export const audioRendererStop: () => void;

export const audioRendererRelease: () => void;

export const getRendererState: () => number;

export const getFileState: () => number;

export const getFramesWritten: () => number;

export const getFileSize: () => number;

export const closeFile: () => number;

native侧接口映射，native侧和JS侧方法交互

{

napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {

{"closeFile", nullptr, CloseFile, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioCapturerLowLatencyInit", nullptr, AudioCapturerLowLatencyInit, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default,

nullptr},

{"audioCapturerInit", nullptr, AudioCapturerInit, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioCapturerStart", nullptr, AudioCapturerStart, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioCapturerPause", nullptr, AudioCapturerPause, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioCapturerRelease", nullptr, AudioCapturerRelease, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioCapturerStop", nullptr, AudioCapturerStop, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioRendererLowLatencyInit", nullptr, AudioRendererLowLatencyInit, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default,

nullptr},

{"audioRendererInit", nullptr, AudioRendererInit, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioRendererStart", nullptr, AudioRendererStart, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioRendererPause", nullptr, AudioRendererPause, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioRendererRelease", nullptr, AudioRendererRelease, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"getRendererState", nullptr, GetRendererState, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"getFileSize", nullptr, GetFileSize, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"getFramesWritten", nullptr, GetFramesWritten, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"getFileState", nullptr, GetFileState, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr},

{"audioRendererStop", nullptr, AudioRendererStop, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, napi_default, nullptr}};

napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc);

return exports;

}

EXTERN_C_END

步骤二：录制实现

Step1：创建录制和播放构造器

static OH_AudioRenderer *audioRenderer;

static OH_AudioStreamBuilder *builder;

static OH_AudioStreamBuilder *rendererBuilder;

Step2：构造录制音频流，设置音频流参数和音频回调函数

{

if (audioCapturer) {

OH_AudioCapturer_Release(audioCapturer);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Destroy(builder);

fclose(g_file);

g_file = nullptr;

audioCapturer = nullptr;

builder = nullptr;

}

g_file = fopen(g_filePath.c_str(), "wb");

// create builder

OH_AudioStream_Type type = AUDIOSTREAM_TYPE_CAPTURER;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Create(&builder, type);

// set params and callbacks

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetSamplingRate(builder, g_samplingRate);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetChannelCount(builder, g_channelCount);

callbacks.OH_AudioCapturer_OnReadData = AudioCapturerOnReadData;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetCapturerCallback(builder, callbacks, nullptr);

// create OH_AudioCapturer

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_GenerateCapturer(builder, &audioCapturer);

return nullptr;

}

// 低时延录制实现只需在普通录制的基础上切换成低时延模式

static napi_value AudioCapturerLowLatencyInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)

{

...

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetLatencyMode(builder, (OH_AudioStream_LatencyMode)g_latencyMode);

...

}

Step3：开始录制，暂停录制，停止录制

{

// start

OH_AudioCapturer_Start(audioCapturer);

return nullptr;

}

static napi_value AudioCapturerPause(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)

{

OH_AudioCapturer_Pause(audioCapturer);

return nullptr;

}

static napi_value AudioCapturerStop(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)

{

OH_AudioCapturer_Stop(audioCapturer);

return nullptr;

}

Step4：将采集到的音频数据写入文件中

{

size_t count = 1;

if (fwrite(buffer, bufferLen, count, g_file) != count) {

printf("buffer fwrite err");

}

return 0;

}

// 文件路径

static std::string g_filePath = "/data/storage/el2/base/haps/entry/files/oh_test_audio.pcm";

Step5：释放构造器

{

if (audioCapturer) {

OH_AudioCapturer_Release(audioCapturer);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Destroy(builder);

audioCapturer = nullptr;

builder = nullptr;

}

return nullptr;

}

步骤三：播放实现

Step1：构造播放音频流，设置音频流参数和音频回调函数

{

if (audioRenderer) {

OH_AudioRenderer_Release(audioRenderer);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Destroy(rendererBuilder);

fclose(g_file);

g_file = nullptr;

audioRenderer = nullptr;

rendererBuilder = nullptr;

}

g_file = fopen(g_filePath.c_str(), "rb");

if (g_file == nullptr) {

return 0;

}

// create builder

OH_AudioStream_Type type = AUDIOSTREAM_TYPE_RENDERER;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Create(&rendererBuilder, type);

// set params and callbacks

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetSamplingRate(rendererBuilder, g_samplingRate);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetChannelCount(rendererBuilder, g_channelCount);

rendererCallbacks.OH_AudioRenderer_OnWriteData = AudioRendererOnWriteData;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetRendererCallback(rendererBuilder, rendererCallbacks, nullptr);

OH_AudioRenderer_Callbacks callbacks;

// 配置回调函数

callbacks.OH_AudioRenderer_OnWriteData = MyOnWriteData;

callbacks.OH_AudioRenderer_OnStreamEvent = MyOnStreamEvent;

callbacks.OH_AudioRenderer_OnInterruptEvent = MyOnInterruptEvent;

callbacks.OH_AudioRenderer_OnError = MyOnError;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_GenerateRenderer(rendererBuilder, &audioRenderer);

g_readEnd = false;

g_rendererLowLatency = false;

return nullptr;

}

// 低时延播放实现只需在普通播放的基础上切换成低时延模式

static napi_value AudioRendererLowLatencyInit(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)

{

...

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetLatencyMode(rendererBuilder, (OH_AudioStream_LatencyMode)g_latencyMode);

...

}

Step2：读取音频文件进行渲染

{

size_t readCount = fread(buffer, bufferLen, 1, g_file);

if (!readCount) {

if (ferror(g_file)) {

printf("Error reading myfile");

} else if (feof(g_file)) {

OH_AudioRenderer_Stop(audioRenderer);

OH_AudioRenderer_Release(audioRenderer);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Destroy(rendererBuilder);

fclose(g_file);

g_file = fopen(g_filePath.c_str(), "rb");

// 1. create builder



OH_AudioStream_Type type = AUDIOSTREAM_TYPE_RENDERER;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Create(&rendererBuilder, type);

// 2. set params and callbacks



OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetSamplingRate(rendererBuilder, g_samplingRate);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetChannelCount(rendererBuilder, g_channelCount);

if (g_rendererLowLatency) {

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetLatencyMode(rendererBuilder, (OH_AudioStream_LatencyMode)g_latencyMode);

}

rendererCallbacks.OH_AudioRenderer_OnWriteData = AudioRendererOnWriteData;

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_SetRendererCallback(rendererBuilder, rendererCallbacks, nullptr);

// 3. create OH_AudioRenderer



OH_AudioStreamBuilder_GenerateRenderer(rendererBuilder, &audioRenderer);

g_readEnd = true;

}

}

return 0;

}

Step3：开始播放，暂停播放，停止播放

{

g_readEnd = false;

// start



OH_AudioRenderer_Start(audioRenderer);

return nullptr;

}

static napi_value AudioRendererPause(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)

{

g_readEnd = false;

OH_AudioRenderer_Pause(audioRenderer);

return nullptr;

}

static napi_value AudioRendererStop(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info)

{

g_readEnd = false;

OH_AudioRenderer_Stop(audioRenderer);

return nullptr;

}

Step4：释放构造器

{

if (audioRenderer) {

OH_AudioRenderer_Release(audioRenderer);

OH_AudioStreamBuilder_Destroy(rendererBuilder);

audioRenderer = nullptr;

rendererBuilder = nullptr;

}

return nullptr;

}

步骤四：OHAudio监听音频打断实现

int32_t MyOnWriteData(OH_AudioRenderer *renderer, void *userData, void *buffer, int32_t length) {

// 将待播放的数据，按length长度写入buffer

if (g_file == nullptr) {

LOGI("MyOnWriteData length fopen");

g_file = fopen(g_filePath.c_str(), "r");

} else if (feof(g_file)) {

LOGI("MyOnWriteData length fseek");

fseek(g_file, 0, SEEK_SET);

}

LOGI("MyOnWriteData length %{public}d", length);

size_t readCount = fread(buffer, length, 1, g_file);

return 0;

}

// 自定义音频流事件函数

int32_t MyOnStreamEvent(OH_AudioRenderer *renderer, void *userData, OH_AudioStream_Event event) {

// 根据event表示的音频流事件信息，更新播放器状态和界面

LOGI("MyOnStreamEvent");

return 0;

}

// 自定义音频中断事件函数

int32_t MyOnInterruptEvent(OH_AudioRenderer *renderer, void *userData, OH_AudioInterrupt_ForceType type,

OH_AudioInterrupt_Hint hint) {

// 根据type和hint表示的音频中断信息，更新播放器状态和界面

LOGI("MyOnInterruptEvent ForceType: %{public}d, Hint: %{public}d", type, hint);

switch (hint) {

case AUDIOSTREAM_INTERRUPT_HINT_NONE:

break;

case AUDIOSTREAM_INTERRUPT_HINT_RESUME:

OH_AudioRenderer_Start(audioRenderer);

break;

case AUDIOSTREAM_INTERRUPT_HINT_PAUSE:

OH_AudioRenderer_Pause(audioRenderer);

break;

case AUDIOSTREAM_INTERRUPT_HINT_STOP:

OH_AudioRenderer_Stop(audioRenderer);

break;

case AUDIOSTREAM_INTERRUPT_HINT_DUCK:

break;

case AUDIOSTREAM_INTERRUPT_HINT_UNDUCK:

break;

default:

LOGI("无法识别中断事件");

}

return 0;

}

// 自定义异常回调函数

int32_t MyOnError(OH_AudioRenderer *renderer, void *userData, OH_AudioStream_Result error) {

// 根据error表示的音频异常信息，做出相应的处理

LOGI("MyOnError");

return 0;

}