智能晾衣架是一种智能家居设备,通常由电机、传感器、控制器和通信模块等组成。在本文中,我们将使用STM32微控制器来实现一个基本的智能晾衣架。
- 硬件准备 首先,我们需要准备以下硬件设备:
- STM32微控制器开发板(例如STM32F4 Discovery)
- 电机(用于控制晾衣架的升降)
- 温湿度传感器(用于检测环境温度和湿度)
- 红外传感器(用于检测衣物是否已晾干)
-
软件开发环境准备 我们将使用Keil MDK作为开发工具。首先,我们需要下载并安装Keil MDK,然后创建一个新的STM32项目。
-
驱动电机 首先,我们需要连接电机到STM32开发板的GPIO引脚上。然后,在代码中使用GPIO库来配置引脚,并使用定时器库来控制电机的旋转。
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#define MOTOR_PIN GPIO_Pin_0
#define MOTOR_PORT GPIOD
#define MOTOR_TIM TIM4
void motor_init() {
// Enable GPIOD clock
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOD, ENABLE);
// Configure motor pin
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = MOTOR_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
GPIO_Init(MOTOR_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
// Connect motor pin to TIM4
GPIO_PinAFConfig(MOTOR_PORT, GPIO_PinSource0, GPIO_AF_TIM4);
// Enable TIM4 clock
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4, ENABLE);
// Configure TIM4
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStruct;
TIM_TimeBaseStruct.TIM_Prescaler = 0;
TIM_TimeBaseStruct.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseStruct.TIM_Period = 8400 - 1;
TIM_TimeBaseStruct.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseStruct.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(MOTOR_TIM, &TIM_TimeBaseStruct);
// Enable TIM4 PWM mode
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCStruct;
TIM_OCStruct.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCStruct.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCStruct.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OCStruct.TIM_Pulse = 4200;
TIM_OC1Init(MOTOR_TIM, &TIM_OCStruct);
// Enable TIM4
TIM_Cmd(MOTOR_TIM, ENABLE);
}
这样,我们就可以使用motor_init()
函数来初始化电机,并使用TIM_OC1PWMConfig()
函数来调整电机的转速。
- 读取温湿度传感器数据 我们将使用I2C总线来读取温湿度传感器的数据。首先,我们需要连接传感器到STM32开发板的I2C引脚上。然后,在代码中使用I2C库来初始化总线,并使用库函数来读取传感器的数据。
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#define I2C_SCL_PIN GPIO_Pin_6
#define I2C_SCL_PORT GPIOB
#define I2C_SDA_PIN GPIO_Pin_7
#define I2C_SDA_PORT GPIOB
#define I2C_BUS I2C1
#define I2C_SLAVE_ADDRESS 0x40
#define I2C_TIMEOUT 1000
void i2c_init() {
// Enable GPIOB clock
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
// Configure I2C pins
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = I2C_SCL_PIN | I2C_SDA_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
GPIO_Init(I2C_SCL_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
// Connect I2C pins to I2C1
GPIO_PinAFConfig(I2C_SCL_PORT, GPIO_PinSource6, GPIO_AF_I2C1);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(I2C_SDA_PORT, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_I2C1);
// Enable I2C1 clock
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1, ENABLE);
// Configure I2C1
I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStruct;
I2C_InitStruct.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000;
I2C_InitStruct.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C;
I2C_InitStruct.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2;
I2C_InitStruct.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x01;
I2C_InitStruct.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable;
I2C_InitStruct.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit;
I2C_Init(I2C_BUS, &I2C_InitStruct);
// Enable I2C1
I2C_Cmd(I2C_BUS, ENABLE);
}
uint16_t i2c_read(uint8_t reg) {
// Start I2C communication
I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C_BUS, ENABLE);
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C_BUS, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));
// Send I2C slave address for write
I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C_BUS, I2C_SLAVE_ADDRESS, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C_BUS, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED));
// Send register address
I2C_SendData(I2C_BUS, reg);
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C_BUS, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED));
// Restart I2C communication for read
I2C_GenerateSTART(I2C_BUS, ENABLE);
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C_BUS, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT));
// Send I2C slave address for read
I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C_BUS, I2C_SLAVE_ADDRESS, I2C_Direction_Receiver);
while (!I2C_CheckEvent(I2C_BUS, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_RECEIVER_MODE_SELECTED));
// Enable I2C acknowledge
I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C_BUS, ENABLE);
// Read data from I2C bus
uint16_t data = (I2C_ReceiveData(I2C_BUS) << 8);
I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2C_BUS, DISABLE);
data |= I2C_ReceiveData(I2C_BUS);
// Stop I2C communication
I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C_BUS, ENABLE);
return data;
}
这样,我们就可以使用i2c_init()
函数来初始化I2C总线,并使用i2c_read()
函数来读取温湿度传感器的数据。
- 检测衣物是否已晾干 我们将使用红外传感器来检测衣物是否已晾干。首先,我们需要连接传感器到STM32开发板的GPIO引脚上。然后,在代码中使用GPIO库来配置引脚,并使用库函数来检测红外传感器的输出。
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#define IR_PIN GPIO_Pin_12
#define IR_PORT GPIOD
void ir_init() {
// Enable GPIOD clock
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOD, ENABLE);
// Configure IR pin as input
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = IR_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_DOWN;
GPIO_Init(IR_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
uint8_t ir_read() {
// Read IR value
return GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(IR_PORT, IR_PIN);
}
这样,我们就可以使用ir_init()
函数来初始化红外传感器,并使用ir_read()